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【目的】随着城市化进程的加速和极端气候事件的频发，城市洪涝事件日趋严峻，积水路段中的车辆失稳风险也在逐步增加。研究车辆在积水中的失稳风险阈值，对于洪涝风险评估和应急管理具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。【方法】从试验研究、理论分析和数值模拟三个方面系统总结了1967—2024年关于车辆在洪涝积水中失稳阈值的研究成果，评估了依据单一水深/流速、水深流速组合、车辆特征和水动力等因素为现有车辆失稳判别标准的优缺点。【结果】现有水槽试验考虑的影响因素较为有限，足尺试验和非静态车辆的研究较少，有些理论分析缺乏数据的率定验证，部分数值模拟中的水动力模型未进行参数敏感性分析。阈值未充分考虑车辆状况、行驶条件、道路环境等多方面因素。失稳判别标准主要依赖于车辆动力学参数，具有一定的经验性。【结论】未来需对不同类型足尺车辆进行多因素耦合研究，并结合数值模拟，利用机器学习算法分析试验数据，提高洪涝条件下车辆稳定性阈值模型的准确性，制定车辆安全标准。为交通部门和排水系统规划建设部门提供决策依据。
Abstract：[Objective]With the acceleration of urbanization and the frequent occurrence of extreme weather events, urban flooding events are becoming more and more severe, and the risk of vehicle instability in waterlogged road sections is gradually increasing. The study of vehicle instability risk thresholds in waterlogged roads is of great theoretical significance and practical value for flood risk assessment and emergency management.[Methods]The research result on vehicle instability thresholds in flooded water from 1967 to 2024 are systematically summarized from experimental studies, theoretical analyses, and numerical simulations, and the advantages and disadvantages of basing on a single water depth/flow velocity, a combination of water depth and flow velocity, vehicle characteristics, and hydrodynamics as the existing vehicle instability discriminatory criteria are evaluated.[Results]Existing flume tests consider more limited influencing factors, less research on foot-scale tests and non-static vehicles, some theoretical analyses lack rate verification of data, and some hydrodynamic models in numerical simulations do not carry out parameter sensitivity analyses. The threshold value does not fully consider the vehicle conditions, driving conditions, road environment and other factors. The destabilization criterion mainly relies on vehicle dynamics parameters, which is somewhat empirical.[Conclusion]In the future, it is necessary to carry out multi-factor coupling research on different types of foot-size vehicles, and combined with numerical simulation, use machine learning algorithms to analyze the experimental datum, to improve the accuracy of the vehicle stability threshold model under flooding conditions, and to formulate vehicle safety standards. To provide a decision-making basis for the transportation department and the drainage system planning and construction departments.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2025.03.003
中图分类号:TU992
引用信息:
[1]李俊奇,汪辉,李小静,等.城市洪涝条件下车辆失稳风险阈值及判别标准研究进展[J].水利水电技术(中英文),2025,56(03):30-45.DOI:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2025.03.003.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(52370093)