水利水电技术（中英文）

为了研究黑龙江省西部地区气候因素变化对大豆生育期需水量的影响及本地区不同水文年型下大豆灌溉制度,基于黑龙江省哈尔滨市1956—2015年逐日气象数据、实地土壤数据和大豆作物参数,采用M-K趋势检验法进行生育期内各气象因素的规律分析,并利用CROPWAT模型对得出的黑龙江省西部大豆各生育期内需水量、有效降雨量和灌溉需水量进行分析,同时对不同水文年型下大豆需水量和有效降雨量进行耦合度对比,制定了黑龙江省西部地区不同水文年型下的大豆灌溉制度。结果表明:整个生育期内,月平均最高气温和最低气温显著增加,月平均风速显著下降。生育期内大豆需水量以9. 24 mm/10年的速率下降,变化范围为331. 5～495. 6 mm。哈尔滨地区特枯水年、枯水年、平水年和丰水年的大豆需水量分别为440. 6、407. 9、377. 5和366. 6mm;特枯水年、枯水年和平水年的灌溉净定额分别为122. 5、105. 8和65. 8 mm。在气象因素变化情况下,该地区大豆全生育期作物需水量、有效降雨量和灌溉需水量均呈减小趋势,枯水年和平水年降雨量难以满足当地大豆高产的需求,应以不同水文年为基础在大豆开花期和结荚期进行适度灌溉。

In order to study the impacts from the climate factors in the western region of Heilongjiang Province on the water demand during the growth period of soybean as well as the irrigation systems of soybean in different hydrological years,the laws of all the meteorological factors within the growth period of soybean are analyzed with Mann-Kendall trend test method in accordance with the daily meteorological data of Harbin from 1956 to 2015,the in situ soil data and the parameters of soybean,and then the water demands,effective rainfalls and irrigation water demands at all the stages of the growth period of the soybean obtained in the western region of Heilongjiang Province are analyzed with CROPWAT model,while the coupling comparisions between water demands of soybean and effective rainfalls in different hydrological years are carried out as well,thus the soybean irrigation systems for the western region of Heilongjiang Province in different hydrological years are made. The study result shows that the highest monthly mean air temperature and the lowest air temperature significantly increase during the whole growth period of soybean,while the monthly mean wind speed obviously decreases. The soybean water demand during its growth period decreases with the rate of 9. 24 mm/10 a within a changing range of 331. 5 ～ 495. 6 mm. The soybean water demands in the region of Harbin are440. 6,407. 9,377. 5 and 366. 6 mm respectively in extraordinary dry year,dry year,normal year and wet year,while the net irrigation quotas are 122. 5,105. 8 and 65. 8 mm respectively in extraordinary dry year,dry year and normal year. Under the variation of meteorological factor,all the water demands,effective rainfalls and irrigation water demands during the whole growth period of soybean exhibit decreasing trends,and then the rainfalls in dry year and normal year are difficult to meet the demand of high soybean yield in the region; for which appropriate irrigations are necessary to be carried out during the soybean flowering period and the soybean pod bearing period.