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【目的】研究岩溶区复杂补水条件下赤泥库渗漏和固结过程，对岩溶区赤泥库渗滤液渗漏防治具有重要意义。【方法】以贵州扎塘赤泥库为例，采用自研的尾矿库固结渗漏模拟试验装置，提出了赤泥固结过程测量方法。开展了赤泥尾矿库自然固结、地下水侧向渗漏、地表渗漏3种典型工况下，赤泥库固结及渗漏模拟试验。【结果】结果表明：(1)单一渗漏无渗漏工况下，赤泥将在库内逐渐完成固结，渗滤液在较短时间内可完全排泄。(2)在侧向渗漏工况下，赤泥库表现出典型的孔隙-裂隙双重介质性质，地下水沿赤泥库内形成的裂缝快速运移至各部位，为赤泥内孔隙吸水提供水源。在存在侧向渗漏的条件下，赤泥固结程度快速降低，后期固结过程缓慢，达到一个缓慢固结-不固结的平衡态。(3)在降雨渗漏工况下，库内赤泥沿裂缝快速入渗。降雨渗漏过程中赤泥固结程度在降雨初期快速降低后保持平稳，赤泥固结程度受排水影响明显。【结论】总体上，研究了岩溶区复杂补水条件下库内赤泥固结和渗漏特征，为针对性渗滤液渗漏防止提供了支撑。
Abstract：[Objective]Studying the seepage and consolidation processes of red mud storage facilities under complex recharge conditions in karst areas is highly significant for preventing and controlling leachate seepage in these regions.[Methods]Using the Zhatang Red Mud Storage Facility in Guizhou as a case study, a self-developed experimental apparatus for simulating consolidation and seepage in tailings ponds was built, and a method was proposed to measure the red mud consolidation process. Simulation experiments on the consolidation and seepage of the red mud storage facility were conducted under three typical conditions: natural consolidation of red mud tailings, lateral groundwater recharge, and surface recharge.[Results]The results show that:(1) Under conditions of seepage without recharge, the red mud gradually completes consolidation within the storage facility, and the leachate is entirely discharged in a short time.(2)Under lateral recharge conditions, the red mud storage facility exhibits typical pore-fracture dual media properties. Groundwater rapidly moves along fractures formed within the facility to various parts, supplying water for the pores in the red mud to absorb. In the presence of lateral recharge, the degree of red mud consolidation decreases rapidly, and the subsequent consolidation process slows down, reaching an equilibrium state of slow or non-consolidation.(3)Under rainfall recharge conditions, the red mud inside the storage facility rapidly infiltrates along fractures. During rainfall recharge, the degree of red mud consolidation decreases rapidly at the initial stage and then remains stable; the consolidation degree is significantly affected by drainage. [Conclusion]Overall, the consolidation and seepage characteristics of red mud within storage facilities under complex recharge conditions in karst areas were investigated, providing support for targeted prevention of leachate seepage.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2025.05.017
中图分类号:TD926.4;P642.25
引用信息:
[1]卢林胜,陈世万,蔡良钧,等.岩溶区赤泥尾矿库渗漏-固结过程模拟试验研究[J].水利水电技术(中英文),2025,56(05):214-227.DOI:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2025.05.017.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1805300); 贵州省重大科技成果转化项目(黔科合成果[2023]重大006)