| 447 | 0 | 82 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
【目的】基流是径流中相对稳定的组成部分。精确刻画流域基流的时空分布特征，特别是植被变化影响作用下的基流响应，对水资源缺乏的北方山区水资源管理和流域管理具有重要意义。【方法】本文耦合运用SWAT模型与数值模拟基流分割集成技术，以小滦河流域为例，分析研究区基流的时空变化，并探讨植被变化等对流域基流的影响控制。【结果】结果表明：(1)SWAT模型与基流分割集成技术的耦合运用可较好模拟基流较少地区的水文过程，基流模拟效果较好，决定系数高达0.9,该方法技术具有较强的适用性；(2)2006—2020年期间，小滦河流域年尺度和生长季径流、基流整体呈减少趋势，但趋势不显著；而非生长季径流、基流则显著增加(p<0.05);(3)研究期内，流域约35.85%的面积片区基流基本稳定，上中下游各部均有分布；在接坝山地片区，部分子流域基流量甚至呈显著增加(占流域的22.47%);而在坝上高山草甸片区，基流量则呈轻微减少(占流域的18.32%)或显著减少趋势(占总面积的19.82%);(4)植被是研究流域基流过程改善的重要影响因素之一，接坝山地大部片区植被NDVI与基流呈正相关关系，部分子流域甚至呈显著正相关(占总流域10.68%),表明植被恢复一定程度有利于该研究区基流过程的改善。【结论】当前，研究区植被覆被增加对基流过程具有一定正向影响控制作用，但由于存在春季融雪水补给等过程的交互影响，未来气候变化下植被对基流的影响控制需要持续观测探讨。
Abstract：[Objective]Baseflow is a relatively stable component of runoff. Accurately characterizing the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of baseflow in river basins, especially its response to vegetation variations, is crucial for water resource and river basin management in the water-scarce mountainous areas of northern China.[Methods]The SWAT model was coupled with the numerical simulation-based ensemble baseflow separation technique. Taking the Xiaoluan River Basin as an example, the spatiotemporal variations of baseflow in the study area were analyzed, and the controlling effect of vegetation variations on river basin baseflow were investigated.[Results]The result showed that:(1) the coupled application of the SWAT model and the ensemble baseflow separation technique could effectively simulate the hydrological processes in areas with limited baseflow. The baseflow simulation performed well, with a coefficient of determination as high as 0.9, demonstrating strong applicability of this method.(2) From 2006 to 2020, the annual and growing-season runoff and baseflow in the Xiaoluan River Basin showed an overall decreasing trend, although the trend was not significant. In contrast, the runoff and baseflow during the non-growing season increased significantly(p<0.05).(3) During the study period, baseflow remained generally stable in approximately 35.85% of the river basin area, with distribution across the upper, middle, and lower reaches. In the mountainous area near the dam, baseflow in some sub-basins even showed a significant increase(accounting for 22.47% of the river basin area). In contrast, in the alpine meadow area above the dam, baseflow showed a slight decrease(accounting for 18.32% of the river basin area) or a significant declining trend(accounting for 19.82% of the total area).(4) Vegetation was one of the important influencing factors for the improvement of baseflow processes in the study basin. In most parts of the mountainous area near the dam, NDVI and baseflow showed a positive correlation, and some sub-basins even showed a significant positive correlation(accounting for 10.68% of the total river basin), indicating that vegetation restoration was conducive to the improvement of baseflow processes in the study area to a certain extent.[Conclusion]At present, the increase in vegetation cover in the study area has a certain positive controlling effect on baseflow process. However, due to the interaction of processes such as spring snowmelt recharge, the controlling effect of vegetation on baseflow under future climate change requires continuous observation and investigation.
[1] GAN R,XU M S,YANG F,et al.The assessment of baseflow separation method and baseflow characteristics in the Yiluo River basin,China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2022,81(11):323.
[2] YAN X,SUN J N,HUANG Y N,et al.Detecting and attributing the changes in baseflow in China’s Loess Plateau[J].Journal of Hydrology,2023,617:128957.
[3] GAO Z L,ZHANG L,CHENG L,et al.Groundwater storage trends in the Loess Plateau of China estimated from streamflow records[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,530:281-290.
[4] MARCOTTE P,ROY V,PLAMONDON A P,et al.Ten-year water table recovery after clearcutting and draining boreal forested wetlands of eastern Canada[J].Hydrological Processes,2008,22(20):4163-4172.
[5] LIU W F,XU Z P,WEI X H,et al.Assessing hydrological responses to reforestation and fruit tree planting in a sub-tropical forested watershed using a combined research approach[J].Journal of Hydrology,2020,590:125480.
[6] MA X,XU J C,LUO Y,et al.Response of hydrological processes to land-cover and climate changes in Kejie watershed,south-west China[J].Hydrological Processes,2009,23(8):1179-1191.
[7] 郭玉雪，江梓欣，许月萍，等.基于电导率质量守恒的南方丘陵山区基流分割研究[J].水资源保护，2025,4(6):105-112.GUO Y X,JIANG Z X,XU Y P,et al.Research on baseflow separation in southern hilly and mountainous areas based on conductivity mass balance[J].Water Resources Protection,2025,4(6):105-112.
[8] 蒋磊，何亚男，顾西辉.长江中下游流域基流时空变化特征及其影响因素分析[J].人民珠江，2024,45(10):76-87.JIANG L,HE Y N,GU X H.Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of base flow and its influencing factors in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River[J].Pearl River,2024,45(10):76-87.
[9] 岳思羽，李怀恩，赵丽.气候和土地利用变化对渭河流域水资源短缺的影响[J].水土保持研究，2021,28(5):95-101.YUE S Y,LI H E,ZHAO L.Impact of climate and land use changes on water scarcity in the Wei River Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2021,28(5):95-101.
[10] 殷书梅，赵礼涛，张艳敏.汉江流域基流变化及主要气象影响因素分析[J].水电能源科学，2022,40(7):23-26.YIN S M,ZHAO L T,ZHANG Y M.Base flow change and its climatic impact factors analysis in Hanjiang River Basin[J].Water Resources and Power,2022,40(7):23-26.
[11] 徐磊磊，刘敬林，金昌杰，等.水文过程的基流分割方法研究进展[J].应用生态学报，2011,22(11):3073-3080.XU L L,LIU J L,JIN C J,et al.Baseflow separation methods in hydrological process research:A review[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(11):3073-3080.
[12] ECKHARDT K.A comparison of baseflow indices,which were calculated with seven different baseflow separation methods[J].Journal of Hydrology,2008,352(1/2):168-173.
[13] DUAN H X,LI L,KONG Z G,et al.Combining the digital filtering method with the SWAT model to simulate spatiotemporal variations of baseflow in a mountainous river basin[J].Journal of Hydrology:Regional Studies,2024,56:101972.
[14] ABOELNOUR M,GITAU M W,ENGEL B A.A comparison of streamflow and baseflow responses to land-use change and the variation in climate parameters using SWAT[J].Water,2020,12(1):191.
[15] 安晨，方海燕.基于SWAT模型的妫水河流域径流空间分布特征[J].水文，2021,41(4):81-87.AN C,FANG H Y.Spatial distribution characteristics of runoff in Guishui River Basin based on SWAT model[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2021,41(4):81-87.
[16] 甘容，徐孟莎，左其亭.伊洛河流域基流分割及其时空变化特征[J].资源科学，2022,44(9):1824-1834.GAN R,XU M S,ZUO Q T.Baseflow separation and spatiotemporal variation characteristics in the Yiluo River Basin[J].Resources Science,2022,44(9):1824-1834.
[17] 胡胜，杨冬冬，吴江，等.基于数字滤波法和SWAT模型的灞河流域基流时空变化特征研究[J].地理科学，2017,37(3):455-463.HU S,YANG D D,WU J,et al.Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of baseflow in the Bahe River Basin based on digital filter method and SWAT model[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(3):455-463.
[18] NGUYEN V T,DIETRICH J.Modification of the SWAT model to simulate regional groundwater flow using a multicell aquifer[J].Hydrological Processes,2018,32(7):939-953.
[19] BAILEY R T,WIBLE T C,ARABI M,et al.Assessing regional-scale spatio-temporal patterns of groundwater-surface water interactions using a coupled SWAT-MODFLOW model[J].Hydrological Processes,2016,30(23):4420-4433.
[20] SÁNCHEZ-GÓMEZ A,SCHÜRZ C,MOLINA-NAVARRO E,et al.Groundwater modelling in SWAT+:Considerations for a realistic baseflow simulation[J].Groundwater for Sustainable Development,2024,26:101275.
[21] 杨蕴，郭勇，王发飞，等.山谷型小流域地表水与地下水时空交互模拟研究[J].水文地质工程地质，2025,52(1):32-41.YANG Yun,GUO Yong,WANG Fafei,et al.Integrated model for estimation of the interaction between surface water and groundwater based on in valley watershed[J].Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2025,52(1):32-41.
[22] GUZMAN J A,MORIASI D N,GOWDA P H,et al.A model integration framework for linking SWAT and MODFLOW[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,2015,73:103-116.
[23] 孙志伟，梁越，钮新强.基于数字滤波法的长江上游流域基流时空分布特征[J].长江科学院院报，2023,40(11):23-28.SUN Z W,LIANG Y,NIU X Q.Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of baseflow in the Upper Yangtze River based on digital filter method[J].Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,2023,40(11):23-28.
[24] LAMICHHANE M,PHUYAL S,MAHATO R,et al.Assessing climate change impacts on streamflow and baseflow in the karnali river basin,Nepal:A CMIP6 multi-model ensemble approach using SWAT and web-based hydrograph analysis tool[J].Sustainability,2024,16(8):3262.
[25] 徐榕焓，王小刚，郑伟.基流分割方法研究进展[J].水土保持通报，2016,36(5):352-359.XU R H,WANG X G,ZHENG W.Research progresses in baseflow separation methods[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,36(5):352-359.
[26] 曹文旭，许行，张志强.气候变化和植被变化对潮河基流的影响[J].生态学报，2024,44(24):11295-11306.CAO W X,XU H,ZHANG Z Q.The impact of climate and vegetation changes on baseflow in the Chao River[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2024,44(24):11295-11306.
[27] ADHIKARI R,VERMA G,KHANDELWAL I.A model ranking based selective ensemble approach for time series forecasting[J].Procedia Computer Science,2015,48:14-21.
[28] YANG J,HUANG X.The 30 m annual land cover dataset and its dynamics in China from 1990 to 2019[J].Earth System Science Data,2021,13(8):3907-3925.
[29] AKSOY H,KURT I,ERIS E.Filtered smoothed minima baseflow separation method[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,372(1/2/3/4):94-101.
[30] NATHAN R J,MCMAHON T A.Evaluation of automated techniques for base flow and recession analyses[J].Water Resources Research,1990,26(7):1465-1473.
[31] CHAPMAN T G.Comment on “Evaluation of automated techniques for base flow and recession analyses” by R.J.Nathan and T.A.McMahon[J].Water Resources Research,1991,27(7):1783-1784.
[32] CHAPMAN T.A comparison of algorithms for stream flow recession and baseflow separation[J].Hydrological Processes,1999,13(5):701-714.
[33] WAHL K L,WAHL T L.Determining the flow of comal springs at New Braunfels,Texas [J].Proceedings of Texas Water,1995,95(1995):16-7.
[34] SLOTO R A,CROUSE M Y.HYSEP:A computer program for streamflow hydrograph separation and analysis[J].Water-resources investigations report,1996,96:4040.
[35] MO C X,RUAN Y L,XIAO X G,et al.Impact of climate change and human activities on the baseflow in a typical karst basin,Southwest China[J].Ecological Indicators,2021,126:107628.
[36] 孙惠子，粟晓玲，昝大为.基于最优加权组合模型的枯季径流预测研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(11):201-208.SUN H Z,SU X L,ZAN D W.Drought period stream-flow forecasting based on optimal weighted combination model[J].Journal of Northwest A & F University (Natural Science Edition),2011,39(11):201-208.
[37] 翟婧雅，金鑫，金彦香，等.干旱区内陆河流域植被恢复对水文过程的影响[J].水电能源科学，2023,41(5):26-29.ZHAI J Y,JIN X,JIN Y X,et al.The impacts of vegetation restoration on the hydrological processes in arid inland river basin[J].Water Resources and Power,2023,41(5):26-29.
[38] 张洪波，支童，卫星辰，等.基于SWAT-MODFLOW的黄河中游区径流过程模拟及对黄土高原变绿的响应[J].华北水利水电大学学报(自然科学版),2020,41(6):1-10.ZHANG H B,ZHI T,WEI X C,et al.Simulation of runoff process in the middle reaches of the Yellow River based on SWAT-MODFLOW model and its response to the greening of the Loess Plateau[J].Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power (Natural Science Edition),2020,41(6):1-10.
[39] 赵红玲.基于改进SWAT的东北寒区融雪径流模拟及预测[D].长春：吉林大学，2023.ZHAO H L.Snowmelt Runoff Simulation and Prediction in the Northeastern Cold Regions Based on Improved SWAT Model[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2023.
[40] ANDRIANAKI M,SHRESTHA J,KOBIERSKA F,et al.Assessment of SWAT spatial and temporal transferability for a high-altitude glacierized catchment[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2019.23(8):3219-3232.
[41] DHAMI B,HIMANSHU S K,PANDEY A,et al.Evaluation of the SWAT model for water balance study of a mountainous snowfed river basin of Nepal[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2018,77(1):21.
[42] 农晓星，聂卫波，马孝义.无定河流域风沙滩区河道基流变化规律与驱动因素分析[J].水土保持学报，2023,37(1):103-113.NONG X X,NIE W B,MA X Y.Baseflow variation and driving factors in the blown-sand region of Wuding River Basin[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2023,37(1):103-113.
[43] 王晨杨，闫铁柱，翟丽梅，等.密云水库白河流域基流演变特征[J].生态学报，2022,42(8):3181-3190.WANG C Y,YAN T Z,ZHAI L M,et al.Change characteristics of baseflow in Bai River Basin of Miyun Reservoir based on comparison of separation methods[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2022,42(8):3181-3190.
[44] 周长乐，种法政，闫林，等.新疆石城子河流域径流量变化规律研究[J].水利科学与寒区工程，2024,7(12):70-78.ZHOU Changle,ZHONG Fazheng,YAN Lin,et al.Study on the variation characteristics of runoff in the Shichengzi River Basin,Xinjiang.Hydro Science and Cold Zone Engineering,2024,7(12):70-78.
[45] 董祥旺，金晓媚，张绪财，等.基于表面能量平衡模型的张承地区蒸散发研究[J].水文地质工程地质，2023,50(1):13-20.DONG X W,JIN X M,ZHANG X C,et al.Research on regional evapotranspiration in the Zhangcheng area based on the SEBS model[J].Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2023,50(1):13-20.
[46] 陈自然.小滦河上游地区地下水流数值模拟[D].北京：中国地质大学(北京),2020.CHEN Z R.Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Flow in the Upper Reaches of the Xiao Luan River Basin[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2020.
[47] 李紫恬，王盛萍，袁亚男，等.华北土石山区不同密度油松人工林土壤含水量及其时间稳定性剖面分布[J].生态与农村环境学报，2019,35(4):491-499.LI Z T,WANG S P,YUAN Y N,et al.Profile distribution of soil moisture and its temporal stability under various planting densities in rocky mountain area of northern China[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2019,35(4):491-499.
[48] 邢博，金爱芳，殷志强，等.基于多源数据的流域水平衡和水源涵养变化研究：以坝上高原小滦河流域为例[J].地质通报，2022,41(12):2114-2124.XING B,JIN A F,YIN Z Q,et al.Research of basin water balance and water conservation variation based on multi-source data:A case study of Xiaoluan River Basin in Bashang plateau[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2022,41(12):2114-2124.
[49] 陈利群，刘昌明，李发东.基流研究综述[J].地理科学进展，2006,25(1):1-15.CHEN L Q,LIU C M,LI F D.Reviews on base flow researches[J].Progress in Geography,2006,25(1):1-15.
[50] 陈志雄，汪仁真.中国几种主要土壤的持水性质[J].土壤学报，1979,16(3):277-281.CHEN Z X,WANG R Z.The moisture retention of several important soils in China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1979,16(3):277-281.
[51] 王富，甄宝艳，董智，等.坝上地区退耕还林地土壤水文生态特征[J].中国水土保持科学，2010,8(4):61-66.WANG F,ZHEN B Y,DONG Z,et al.Eco-hydrological characteristics of soil on the forestland converted from farmland in Bashang plateau[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,8(4):61-66.
[52] 赵宇寒，曹建生，朱春雨，等.壤中流形成机制及其生态水文效应研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报(中英文),2022,30(1):38-46.ZHAO Y H,CAO J S,ZHU C Y,et al.Research progress on the formation mechanism of subsurface flow and its ecohydrological effects[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2022,30(1):38-46.
[53] ZHOU F,WANG S P,QU S Y,et al.Understanding hydrological process change due to re-vegetation in a mountainous watershed of northern China[J].Hydrological Processes,2025,39(3):e70103.
[54] HARPOLD A A,MOLOTCH N P,MUSSELMAN K N,et al.Soil moisture response to snowmelt timing in mixed-conifer subalpine forests[J].Hydrological Processes,2015,29(12):2782-2798.
[55] JASECHKO S,BIRKS S J,GLEESON T,et al.The pronounced seasonality of global groundwater recharge[J].Water Resources Research,2014,50(11):8845-8867.
[56] DING B B,ZHANG Y E,YU X X,et al.Effects of forest cover type and ratio changes on runoff and its components[J].International Soil and Water Conservation Research,2022,10(3):445-456.
[57] CAO W X,LI Q H,XU H,et al.Vegetation dynamics regulate baseflow seasonal patterns of the Chaohe watershed in North China[J].Journal of Hydrology:Regional Studies,2024,53:101797.
[58] 穆兴民，顾朝军，孙文义，等.植被恢复改变黄土高原产流模式问题初探[J].人民黄河，2019,41(10):31-39.MU X M,GU C J,SUN W Y,et al.Preliminary assessment effect of vegetation restoration on runoff generation pattern of the Loess Plateau[J].Yellow River,2019,41(10):31-39.
基本信息:
DOI：10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2026.02.009
中图分类号:P333
引用信息:
[1]周帆,海庆烽,蔡得胜,等.基于基流分割集成技术与SWAT模型耦合运用的植被变化基流时空响应模拟[J].水利水电技术(中英文),2026,57(02):122-136.DOI:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2026.02.009.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1302501-02)
2025-08-07
2025-08-07
2025-08-07