水利水电技术（中英文）

近年来极端气候变化频发,引发局地短时强降雨,易造成超标洪水,严重威胁山溪性河流上的水库安全,由此而导致的大坝漫(溃)坝案例已有发生,且危害巨大,防范和化解此类重大灾害是新时期水库设计和安全运行管理的关键问题。通过归纳总结已建土石坝工程实例,认为水库漫顶溃坝风险主要来源于水文资料短缺、洪水成因复杂和突发性强,水情监测预警预报不到位,抵御超标准洪水时调洪能力有限等不利因素。因此,关注设计洪水的合理性分析及安全性评价,建立对超标准洪水的分析预测和监测预警,合理规划泄洪建筑物的规模以及抗冲结构设置,加强水库排沙预泄措施和梯级水库的联调联控等综合调洪能力的提高,提升非常情况下的应急安全管理能力等,是病险水库除险加固以及新建水库工程设计及运行管理的必需措施。

In recent years, extreme climate change has occurred frequently, causing local short-term heavy rainfall, which is likely to cause extraordinary floods to seriously threaten safety on mountain streams reservoir. As a result, the case of flood overflow(dam failure) has occurred and the damage is huge. Preventing and resolving such major disasters is a key issue in reservoir design and safe operation management in the new era. The article summarizes the examples of the existing earth-rockfilled dam project. The risk of flooding and dam failure of the reservoir mainly comes from the shortage of hydrological data, the causes of floods are complex and the sudden strong. The monitoring, early warning and forecasting of water conditions is lack, and the flood control capacity is limited when resisting exceeding standard floods, other unfavorable factors, etc. Specific countermeasures are proposed:(1) design flood with rationality analysis and safety evaluation;(2) analysis and prediction of exceeding standard floods and monitoring and early warning;(3) scale setting of flood discharge buildings and layout of impact-resistant structure;(4) improvement of comprehensive flood regulation capacity of pre-discharge measures for reservoir sediment discharge and joint regulation and control of cascade reservoirs;(5)Emergency safety management measures under extraordinary circumstances, which is provide technical reference for repair and reinforcement of dangerous reservoirs and design and operation management of new reservoirs in future.