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【目的】泥流是黄土高原泥石流的一种类型，具有突发性强、破坏性大的特点，开展泥流中“泥球”的形成机理与致灾性研究具有重要的意义。【方法】结合陕西省定边县2022年7月10日的极端暴雨洪水实地调查和相关文献资料，探讨了极端暴雨情况下泥流“泥球”的演化过程、影响因素、致灾性和防治措施。【结果】结果显示：泥流“泥球”的形成主要包括重力侵蚀(物质来源)、泥流形成(动力条件)和“泥球”输移与沉积(塑造形态)三个阶段，整个过程受到黄土高原地形地貌、土体特性和水文气象等三个方面的影响，且极端暴雨洪水是泥流“泥球”形成的触发条件。【结论】研究表明：泥流中“泥球”的出现加剧了流域的水土流失，增强了泥流的破坏性和致灾性。通过在泥流的物源区和输移区采取植物措施和工程措施等防治手段，能够有效的降低泥流发生频率，减轻泥流的致灾性。研究成果对于进一步加深黄土高原地区重力侵蚀、泥流等自然灾害的认识和开展具有针对性的水土流失防治具有重要意义。
Abstract：[Objective] Mudflow is a type of debris flow in the Loess Plateau, which is characterized by strong suddenness and great destructiveness. So it is of great significance to study the formation mechanism and hazard of mud ball in mud flow.[Methods]Based on the field investigation of the rainstorm flood in Dingbian County, Shaanxi Province on July 10, 2022 and relevant literature research data, the evolution process, influencing factors, hazard and prevention measures of the mud ball in mudflow under extreme rainstorm are discussed. [Results] The formation of the mud-ball in mudflow mainly includes three stages, i.e. gravity erosion(source of material), mudflow formation(dynamic conditions) and mud-ball transport and deposition(shape-shaping) and the whole formation process of the mud-ball in mudflow is affected by the topography, soil properties and hydrometeorology of the Loess Plateau. Extreme storm flood is the trigger condition of mud ball in mud flow formation. [Conclusion] It is shown that the occurrence of the mud-ball in mudflow aggravates the water and soil loss in the basin and increases the destructiveness of the mudflow, and then has a serious catastrophe ability. Through adopting the control means of the relevant vegetation measures and engineering measures within both the area of the source of material and the sediment transport area can effectively reduce the frequency and hazard of mud flow. The study result has a great important significance to deepen the understanding of natural disasters from gravity erosion, mudflow, etc. and carry out the targeted prevention and control of water and soil loss.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2023.06.004
中图分类号:P642.23
引用信息:
[1]陈吟,赵莹,杜鹏飞,等.黄土高原极端暴雨泥流中“泥球”的形成机理与致灾性研究[J],2023,54(06):34-45.DOI:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2023.06.004.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目“黄土高原极端暴雨土壤侵蚀致灾及蓄排协调防控机制”(U2243213);; 国家重点研发计划“政府间国际科技创新合作”项目“变化气候条件下极端次降雨及其土壤侵蚀评估”(2021YFE0113800);; 江西省技术创新引导类计划“农事活动影响下红壤坡地水土流失防控关键技术与应用(国家科技奖后备项目培育计划)(20212AEI91011);; 水利部水土保持业务项目“全球土壤侵蚀与江河泥沙数据收集与发布(1261523410001)