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河道径流过程分析对于工程建设十分重要,现有水文模型主要以流域为研究对象,研究空间尺度通常较大,难以在小空间尺度内对河道径流量进行分析。本文基于二元水循环模式,从自然和社会两个方面系统性分析了对河道径流量的影响因素,建立二元水循环模式的河道实际径流计算方法。自然端综合考虑了上游入流、区间产汇流、河道分流及与地下水的交换量,社会端综合考虑了人工引水量、退水量及分水量,其中对农业退水量进一步细分至用水期退水和非用水期退水。以金马河温江段为研究案例,根据河道与规划闸坝、渠系的位置关系选择9个断面对径流量进行分析。根据计算结果,区间汇流占总径流量的12.5%,是金马河径流量的重要组成部分。金马河径流量年内分布具有明显的不均匀性,4—10月的径流量占总径流量的89.6%,主要以洪水的形式下泄,需要考虑修建梯级闸坝提升河道调蓄能力。岷江水厂取水口断面枯水年农业退水量对径流量的贡献率达到14.89%,表明枯水年社会端径流量对准确计算河道径流量具有重要影响,在水利工程建设相关的规范标准中需要加强对社会经济用水的可靠性、一致性及代表性等相关分析。本文提出的计算方法可以实现对小尺度河道径流量的计算,具有一定的理论意义与实际意义。
Abstract：The analysis of river runoff process is very important for engineering construction. The existing hydrological models mainly take the river basin as the research object, and the research space scale is usually large, so it is difficult to analyze the river runoff volume in a small space scale. Based on the dualistic water cycle model, this paper systematically analyzes the influencing factors of river runoff from both natural and social aspects, and establishes the actual runoff calculation method of the dualistic water cycle model. The natural term takes into account the upstream inflow, interval runoff, river diversion and exchange with groundwater comprehensively, while the social term takes into account the artificial diversion, the reversion and the subdivision water quantity, among which the agricultural reversion is further subdivided into the water use period and the non-water use period. Taking Wenjiang section of Jinma River as a case study, according to the positional relationship between river course, planned sluice dam and canal system, 9 fault surfaces are selected for analysis. According to the calculation results, the incoming water from the interval accounts for 12.5% of the total runoff and is an important part of the runoff of Jinma River. The annual runoff distribution of Jinma River is obviously uneven, and the runoff from April to October accounts for 89.6% of the total runoff, which is mainly discharged in the form of flood. Therefore, it is necessary to build cascade dams to improve the river storage capacity. The contribution rate of agricultural receding water amount to 14.89% in the dry year for the intake section of Minjiang Water Works. In dry years, social term runoff has an important influence on the accurate calculation of river runoff. In the relevant standards of water conservancy project construction, it is necessary to strengthen the analysis of the reliability, consistency and representativeness of social and economic water use. The method proposed in this paper can be used to calculate the river runoff in small scale, which has certain theoretical and practical significance.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2021.12.007
中图分类号:P333
引用信息:
[1]林鹏飞,游进军,井向阳,等.基于二元水循环模式的河道实际径流计算——以岷江金马河段为例[J],2021,52(12):69-79.DOI:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2021.12.007.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(52079143);; 国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0407705,2017YFC0404405);; 中电建成都院公司自主研究课题(P34516)