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毛乌素沙地湖泊具有防风固沙、调节气候、鸟类迁徙中转站和栖息地等重要生态功能,半干旱区沙地湖泊生态脆弱,对区域气候和人类干扰响应敏感。为给半干旱脆弱区湖泊生态环境保护提供支撑,深入分析了沙地湖泊水环境质量特征及来源。基于毛乌素沙地北部20个湖泊采样点的水质检测数据,运用因子分析和层次聚类分析法识别主要影响因素。结果表明:毛乌素沙地湖泊pH值和矿化度高,多为碱湖和盐湖,90%为苦咸水;湖泊有机物含量高,主要来源于富含有机物质的第四系沉积物,奎生淖已呈现富营养化现象。湖泊主要离子为Na+、K+、Cl~-和CO■,水化学类型主要为Cl·HCO3-Na型。这些湖泊历史上是主要的碱矿开采区,水化学特征呈现出较强的空间差异性和复杂性。因子分析提取4个公因子,累积贡献率达到87.95%。沙地湖泊水环境质量主要受区域地质自然因素影响;层次聚类法将毛乌素沙地湖泊聚为5类,反映不同湖泊的离子浓度和污染类型。聚类与因子得分结果一致性较好。
Abstract：The lakes within Mu Us Sandy Land have the important eco-functions, i.e. windbreak and sand fixation, climate regulation, transfer station and habitat for bird migration, etc., while the ecology of the sandy lakes in the semi-arid area is fragile and sensitive to the regional climate and the human disturbance. The water environment quality characteristics and the sources of the lakes in the sandy land are deeply analyzed herein, so as to provide a support for the eco-environment protection of the lakes in the semi-arid eco-frigile area. Based on the water quality monitoring data from 20 sampling points of the lakes in the northern Mu Us Sandy Land, the main factors of the impact on the eco-environment therein are identified by means of the factor analysis(FA) and hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA). The results show that most of the lakes within Mu Us Sandy Land are the alkali lakes and salt lakes with high pH value and mineralized degree, and then 90% of the water in the lakes are brackish water, while the organic matter contents in the lakes are high and mainly come from the Quaternary sediments with rich organic matters, among which eutrophication phenomenon already exhibits in Kuishengnao Lake therein. The main ions in the lakes are Na+, K+, Cl~- and CO■, while the main hydrochemical type is Cl·HCO3-Na. Historically, the lakes are mainly alkali mining areas and the hydrochemical characteristics exhibit strong spatial difference and complexity. Through the relevant factor analysis, four common factors are extracted out with the cumulative contribution rate up to 87.95%. The water environment qualities of the sandy lakes are mainly affected by the regional geological and natural factors, while the lakes are clustered into five groups by hierarchical clustering method, from which the ion concentrations and pollution types of different lakes are reflected and the consistency among the results of clustering and factor scores is better.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:X524
引用信息:
[1]郑帅,王琳,柳长顺,等.鄂尔多斯毛乌素沙地湖泊水环境质量特征及多元统计分析[J],2021(05):132-141.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0406406)