水利水电技术（中英文）

为探究寒区冻融期表层土壤含水量和环境因子时空变化特征,明确环境因子扰动引起区域融化期表层土壤水分的波动情况,以松嫩平原黑土区为研究区,利用2000—2011年遥感和模拟数据产品资料,采用一元线性回归方法分析其时空变化特征,并通过敏感系数和贡献率法计算了环境因子变化对表层土壤含水量的影响。结果表明:研究区在冻融期表层土壤含水量均值变化自东向西依次递减,而多年变化趋势表现为南增北减状态。多年雪深呈增加趋势,气温、地温在积雪累积期呈增加趋势,但融化期回升速率降低。同时,降雨呈降低趋势,导致积雪覆盖时间相应得到延长。而多年春季表层土壤含水量对降雨最为敏感,其它依次为地温、气温和积雪。受空间异质性的影响,研究区南部春季表层土壤含水量对降雨敏感,其北部对积雪敏感;多年地温的负贡献率是导致表层土壤水分变化的主导因子。同时,返浆水在短时间内对表层土壤含水量产生影响,但长时间尺度会被温度因素所掩盖,即温度升高,表层土壤含水量降低。

In order to explore the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of the surface soil water content and the environmental factors in cold region during freezing-thawing period and find out the fluctuation of the surface soil water content in the reginal thawing period caused by the disturbance of environmental factor, the black soil region of Songnen Plain is taken as the study area, and then the spatio-temporal variation characteristics therein is analyzed through the method of one-dimensional linear regression in accordance with the relevant remote sensing and simulated data products from 2000 to 2011, while the impacts from the environmental factors on the surface soil water content are calculated by means of sensitivity coefficient and contribution rate method as well. The study result shows that the mean changing value of the surface soil water content during the freezing-thawing period in the study area is progressively decreased from east to west, but the multi-year changing trend exhibits a status of increasing in the south and decreasing in the north. The multi-year snow depth presents an increasing trend and both the air temperature and ground temperature during the snow accumulation period exhibit increasing trends, but the rising rates during the thawing period are decreased. Meanwhile, the rainfall exhibits a decreasing treand, which leads to the corresponding extension of the snow covering time. However, the surface soil water content in spring is most sensitive to rainfall, which follows with ground temperature, air temperature and accumulated snow in turn. For the surface soil water content in spring, it is sensitive to rainfall in the south part of the study area and is sensitive to accumulated snow in the north part of the study area under the impact of spatial heterogeneity, while the multi-year negative contribution rate of ground temperature is the dominant factor that leads to the change of the surface soil water content. Meanwhile, the returning mud-water has an effect on the surface soil water content in a short period, but can be covered up by the temperature factors with long-term scale, that is to say, the the surface soil water content is to be decreased along with temperature rise.