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陆地水储量是区域降水、径流、蒸散发、地下水和人类开发利用等相关活动的综合反映,已成为全球水循环观测的重要参数。由于气候变化(如洪水、干旱)和人类活动(如地下水抽取)等的影响,造成了全球范围内陆地水储量呈现出超正常范围的变化,然而目前系统性介绍陆地水储量变化及其归因的研究仍较少。因此,首先系统综述现有的水储量监测方法以及全球陆地水储量及其组分变化,然后从水储量组分变化、水量平衡和气候变化等角度分析全球陆地水储量变化的成因,其次探讨陆地水储量变化对海平面上升的贡献,最后总结全球陆地水储量变化及其成因与影响的相关研究中面临的主要技术难点以及未来可能的发展方向。在过去的十几年中,基于站点观测、卫星遥感和模型模拟的陆地水储量变化及其归因研究已有了一定的进展,而高精度观测水循环关键要素并发展基于卫星观测数据的水循环相关模型将是未来全球水储量变化归因研究的重要课题。研究有助于决策者在气候变化、人类活动不断增强的背景下制定合理的水资源管理措施,从而保障粮食安全、维系社会稳定。
Abstract：Terrestrial water storage, an integrated indicator of regional precipitation, runoff, evapotranspiration, groundwater and human exploitation, has become an important parameter for global water cycle observations. Climate change(e.g., floods, droughts) and human activities(e.g., groundwater abstraction) have caused global variations in terrestrial water storage beyond the normal range. However, there are still few studies that systematically introduce the changes in terrestrial water storage and its attribution. Therefore, this paper firstly systematically reviews the methods of monitoring existing terrestrial water storage and changes in terrestrial water storage and its components. Then, we analyzes the causes of changes in terrestrial water storage from the perspectives of changes in global water storage components, water balance and climate change. Next, we discuss the contribution of changes in terrestrial water storage to sea level rise. Finally, we summarize the main technical difficulties and possible future directions for the study about global terrestrial water storage changes and their attribution. Over the past few decades, studies on terrestrial water storage changes and their attribution based on station observations, satellite remote sensing and model simulations have made some progress. Accurately observing the key elements of the water cycle and developing the models related to water cycle based on satellite observation data will be the important topics for future research on the attribution of global terrestrial water storage change. This study may help decision makers to formulate reasonable water resources management measures, ensure food security and maintain social stability in the context of climate change and human activities.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:P343;TV213.4
引用信息:
[1]胡宝怡,王磊.陆地水储量变化及其归因：研究综述及展望[J],2021(05):16-28.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(91747201);; 中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项地球大数据科学工程课题资助(XDA19070300)