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【目的】为梳理我国城市雨水资源化的发展历程，总结雨水收集利用的技术方法，【方法】从我国城市雨水资源化的政策、方法技术、效益评价等方面开展研究综述，绘制了各类雨水资源化技术的流程图，比较分析了各个雨水资源化技术方案的特征差异和雨水用途。【结果】将我国城市雨水资源化发展历程划分为起步阶段、快速建设阶段、综合发展阶段三个阶段进行分析。雨水收集利用方式划分为直接利用(屋面和不透水路面雨水利用)、间接利用(透水路面、花坛绿地、人工辅助渗水设施、路边植草沟、下凹式绿地等渗透雨水收集利用)、综合利用(海绵小区)三种。【结论】从法律法规、技术标准、效益评价三个方面总结评述了我国城市雨水资源发展存在的问题，提出建议如下：加强城市雨水资源化的法律法规建设和强制性约束，强化雨水收集利用的行业标准和地方标准的建设，加大雨水资源化的宣传和教育力度，完善雨水资源化评价机制，深化城市雨水资源化的经济、社会、环境和生态效益的量化评估研究，引入社会资本和经济手段，助力提升雨水资源化的综合效益。海绵城市建设背景下雨水综合利用是我国城市雨水资源化的发展趋势。
Abstract：[Objective] To tease out the development of urban rainwater harvesting(URWH) in China and summarize the technology measures, [Methods] this paper reviews the policy, technology, and benefit evaluation for URWH, and draws the flowchart of all kinds of rainwater harvesting technology, with analyzing the characteristic difference. [Results] Its development process contains three phases: primary, rapid construction, and comprehensive development phase. Its development process contains three phases: primary, rapid construction, and comprehensive development phase. The rainwater harvesting and utilization methods can be divided into three categories: direct utilization(roof and impervious pavement), indirect utilization(permeable pavement, flower bed greening, artificial auxiliary seepage, concave-down green space area) and integrated utilization(sponge community). [Conclusion] By summarizing the existing problems which cover laws and rules, engineering standards and effectiveness evaluation, we can put forward the following recommendations. First, the laws and regulations on URWH should be strengthened, and intensifying industrial and local standards is necessary. Second, the government ought to strengthen promulgation and education to increase the awareness of the URWH. Meanwhile, it is essential to heighten the quantitative evaluation of the economic, social, and environmental effectiveness of URWH, and introduce social capital and economy to promote the comprehensive benefits of URWH. The above implementation fully demonstrates the unique functions and shortcomings of various techniques in identifying flood disasters, and offers a reference for emergency surveying, disaster assessment and technique preparations.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2023.05.006
中图分类号:TV213.9
引用信息:
[1]周晋军,庞亚莉,王昊,等.我国城市雨水资源化发展研究综述[J],2023,54(05):61-74.DOI:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2023.05.006.
基金信息:
北京市自然科学基金青年项目(8214046);; 国家自然科学基金重大项目(52192671)
2022-04-23
2022
2022-06-29
2022-12-22
2022
1