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我国中小河流数量多、分布广,中小河流水灾造成的损失数倍于大江大河,中小河流治理成为近年来国家规划投资的重点内容。中小河流治理工程点多面广,依靠传统手段无法有效对治理情况进行有效监管,迫切需要引入新的技术手段。遥感技术是支撑水利信息化和工程强监管的先进实用技术,已广泛应用在水利各项业务中,是水利大数据的重要支撑。本文针对中小河流治理及监测监管的需求,从中小河流水体遥感监测方法、中小河流治理工程天地一体化识别方法、河道地形监测技术、河岸地形地貌监测技术和水质水量监测技术五个方面对遥感技术的应用进行了综述,并结合新时期治水新思路,为推动中小河流治理遥感监测监管的全面业务化提出了几点建议,以期推动中小河流治理中水利信息化和现代化的实现。
Abstract：There are a number of small and medium rivers all over China. The losses caused by floods in small and medium rivers are several times larger than those in large rivers, so the investment in medium and small river management has become the focus of national planning in recent years. Small and medium rivers management projects are widely distributed, and it is difficult to promptly supervise the situation of these projects relying on traditional methods. So it is urgent to introduce new technologies. Remote sensing technology is an advanced and practical technology that supports hydrological informatization and engineering supervision. It has been widely used in various hydrological businesses and is an important support for hydrological big data. So, based on the needs of management and supervision of small and medium rivers, five aspects are summarized, which are methods of water area extraction in small and medium rivers, the satellite and ground integrated identification methods, streamway terrain monitoring, river bank topography monitoring and water quality and quantity monitoring. Considering the demand of water management in the new period, several suggestions are also put forward to promote the operation of remote sensing monitoring and supervision of small and medium rivers. In order to promote the realization of hydrological informatization and modernization.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2021.07.003
中图分类号:X832;X87
引用信息:
[1]曲伟,庞治国,雷添杰,等.中小河流治理及监测监管中的遥感技术应用综述[J],2021,52(07):23-32.DOI:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2021.07.003.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFB0504105);; 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51779269);; 辽宁省经济社会发展研究课题(2020lsktyb-079)