水利水电技术（中英文）

土壤侵蚀是世界上最严重的环境问题之一,研究土壤侵蚀强度空间格局及其影响因子相互作用对于缓解土壤侵蚀具有重要意义。基于RUSLE模型对鲁中山区2005年、2015年土壤侵蚀进行评估,综合土地利用、降雨量、坡度、植被覆盖度、高程、土壤类型、流域等影响因子,应用地理探测器方法对不同地貌类型上的土壤侵蚀进行定量归因,并提出了相应的水土保持措施。结果表明:(1)2005年鲁中山区土壤侵蚀模数为1 273 t/(km²·a),年土壤流失量为1 561.36万t;2015年鲁中山区土壤侵蚀模数为1 039 t/(km²·a);年土壤流失量为1274.35万t。(2)鲁中山区土壤侵蚀强度以轻度、中度侵蚀为主,土壤侵蚀主要集中在北部和西北部的山地丘陵区。2005—2015年鲁中山区土壤侵蚀逐渐改善,土壤侵蚀强度主要由轻度侵蚀以上向微度侵蚀转化。(3)在各种影响因子中,坡度与植被覆盖度是决定土壤侵蚀空间异质的主导因子,其次是土地利用类型。但随着海拔升高,在低、中山区坡度的解释力降低,植被覆盖度的解释力明显增强。(4)双因子交互作用有助于增强土壤侵蚀的解释力。坡度与植被覆盖度的协同作用大大增加了单因子对土壤侵蚀的解释力。因此,禁止陡坡耕地及退耕还林对减缓鲁中山区土壤侵蚀具有重要作用。

Soil erosion is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world. It is of great significance to study the spatial pattern of soil erosion intensity and the interaction of its influencing factors to alleviate soil erosion. Based on RUSLE model, soil erosions in 2005 and 2015 in the mountainous area of Mid-Shandong are evaluated, and then the quantitative attribution of the soil erosion is made on different geomorphological types with the geodetector method through integrating the influencing factors, i.e. land-use; rainfall, slope gradient, vegetation coverage, elevation, soil type, watershed, etc., while the corresponding soil and water conservation measures are put forward as well. The result shows that(1) in 2005, the soil erosion modulus in the mountainous area of Mid-Shandong is 1 273 t/(km²·a) with the annual soil loss of 15.613 6 milliont in 2005, while the soil erosion modulus is 1 039 t/(km²·a) with the annual soil loss of 12.743 5 milliont therein in 2015;(2) the intensities of the soil erosions in the mountainous area of Mid-Shandong are mainly mild and moderate erosions, while the soil erosions are mainly concentrated within the northern and northwestern mountain-hilly areas. The soil erosions therein are gradually improved along with the conversion of the soil erosion intensity from the erosion above the mild-level to the micro-level erosion from 2005 to 2015;(3) Among various influencing factors, the dominant factors for determining the spatial heterogeneity of soil erosion are the slope gradient and the vegetation coverage, while the next is the land-use type. However, the explanatory power of the slope gradient is decreased and the explanatory power of the vegetation coverage is obviously increased in the lower-mid mountainous areas along with the rise of the altitude;(4) dual-factor interaction is helpful to enhance the explanatory power of the soil erosion, while the synergistic effect between the slope gradient and the vegetation coverage largely increases the explanatory power from a single factor on the soil erosion. Therefore, prohibiting the cultivation on steep slope and returning farmland to forest are necessary for alleviating the soil erosion in the mountainous area of Mid-Shandong.