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在气候变化和乡村振兴发展背景下，农村高质量建设面临着严峻的暴雨洪涝灾害风险挑战。为全面了解我国农村暴雨洪涝灾害风险综合特征和影响因素，提升农村暴雨洪涝灾害风险防范能力，首先从区域灾害系统的角度分析了农村地区暴雨洪涝灾害风险的孕灾环境不稳定性特征、致灾因子的危险性特征、承灾体的脆弱性特征和历史灾情的严重性及未来风险的严峻性特征。其次，从自然和人为因素方面分析了农村暴雨洪涝的综合成因。然后，分析了我国农村地区暴雨洪涝治理的成效和限制农村暴雨洪涝应急响应的多主体因素，重点比较了城乡差异和农村多主体应急响应特征。最后，提出了完善农村暴雨洪涝综合减灾的对策。未来应注重农村地区自然灾害风险管理和常态化防洪减灾，统筹协调农村防灾减灾规划编制，注重农村地区设防能力的提升，增大财政对防御性水利工程的支持力度，推进乡村专业应急救援队伍建设，科学分配防汛救灾装备物资，加强防灾减灾宣传教育，增强农村防灾意识和自救互救能力。
Abstract：In the context of climate change and rural revitalization development, rural high quality construction faces severe challenge of storm flooding disaster risk. In order to comprehensively understand the comprehensive characteristics and impacting factors of storm-flooding disaster risk in the rural areas of China and enhance the ability to prevent the storm-flooding disaster risk in the rural areas, the instability characteristics under disaster-pregnant environment, risk characteristics of disaster-inducing factors, the vulnerability characteristics of the disaster-bearing bodies as well as the severity of historical disasters and the severity of future risks are analyzed from the perspective of the regional disaster system for the risk of storm-flooding disaster in rural areas at first, and then the comprehensive causes of rural storm-flooding are analyzed in the aspects of natural and human factors. Afterwards, the storm-flooding control effectiveness in the rural areas of China and the multi-agent factors restricting rural storm-flooding emergency response are analyzed, while the difference between urban and rural areas and the characteristics of the multi-agent emergency response are mainly compared. Finally, the comprehensive countermeasures to perfect the disaster reduction of storm-flooding in rural area are put forward. In the future, attentions must be paid to the risk management of the natural disasters and the normalized flood control and disaster reduction in rural region, the overall coordination rural disaster prevention and mitigation planning-making, putting emphasis on the disaster resistance and fortification capacity in rural region, increasing financial support for defensive water conservancy projects, promoting the construction of rural professional emergency rescue team, scientifically distributing flood control and disaster-relief equipment and materials, strengthening publicity and education on disaster prevention and reduction and enhancing the awareness of disaster prevention and the self and mutual rescue capabilities in rural region.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2022.09.002
中图分类号:P426.616
引用信息:
[1]张海凤,孔锋.透视我国农村地区暴雨洪涝灾害风险防范及提升对策[J],2022,53(09):13-24.DOI:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2022.09.002.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划政府间/港澳台重点专项项目(2018YFE0109600);; 中国高等教育学会2022年度高等教育科学研究规划课题(22DL0302);; 中国气象局软科学重点项目(2022ZDIANXM20);; 北京市社科基金研究基地项目(19JDGLA008);; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2021TC062);; 国家自然科学基金项目(41801064,71790611)