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【目的】在城市化快速发展的背景下，极端气候事件频发导致城市道路洪涝灾害加剧，由此引发的车辆失稳、制动失效等交通安全问题日益凸显。研究车辆在洪涝积水中的失稳风险阈值，对洪涝风险评估以及应急管理领域具有极为重要的理论价值与实践意义。【方法】通过试验研究新、旧轮胎在不同的路面条件(干燥、润湿、积水状态)和不同载荷下的摩擦系数。以大众Polo为研究对象，利用旋转轴承和三轴姿态传感器调整车辆迎流方向，通过力学传感器和数据采集器来测量在不同水深、流速下车辆所受的水流作用力，揭示车辆失稳机理。【结果】结果显示：摩擦系数μ在0.320到0.898之间，相同车轮的沥青路面的摩擦系数大于水泥路面，而在相同路面条件下，摩擦系数的状况为：润湿状态>干燥状态>积水状态，且新轮胎的摩擦系数普遍大于旧轮胎。对于非密封车辆，当水深大于0.45 m时，汽车浮力逐渐减少直至沉底，且在相同水深条件下，浮力随流速增加呈现减少的趋势。汽车受到的绕流阻力FD和横向力FT随着流速和水深的增加而增加，汽车在不同迎流方向(0°～180°)的绕流阻力系数CD在0.466～1.067之间，横向力系数CT在0～0.407之间。【结论】结果表明：汽车在迎流方向为90°时最易失稳，在0°时最难失稳。采用底线思维，摩擦系数取0.320,当流速、水深乘积hυmin大于0.81 m2·s-1,汽车发生滑动失稳，并拟合了不同迎流方向下失稳临界流速阈值和水深的关系曲线。研究结果可为车辆失稳预警系统开发提供关键参数支撑，同时为城市道路排水性能评估标准优化提供科学依据。
Abstract：[Objective]Under the background of rapid urbanization, the frequent occurrence of extreme weather events has led to the intensification of urban road flooding, which has led to vehicle instability, brake failure and other traffic safety problems that are becoming more and more prominent. The study of vehicle instability risk thresholds in flooded water is of great theoretical value and practical significance in the field of flood risk assessment and emergency management.[Methods]The friction coefficients of new and old wheels under different road conditions(dry, wet, and waterlogged) and different loads were investigated experimentally. Taking the Volkswagen Polo as the research object, the rotary bearing and three-axis attitude sensor were used to adjust the direction of the vehicle to meet the flow, and the mechanical sensors and data collector were used to measure the force of the water flow on the vehicle under different water depths and flow rates, so as to reveal the mechanism of the vehicle's destabilization.[Results]The results show that the coefficient of friction μ ranges from 0.320 to 0.898, the coefficient of friction of asphalt pavement with the same wheels is larger than that of cement pavement, and the condition of coefficient of friction under the same pavement condition is as follows: wet condition > dry condition > waterlogged condition, and the coefficient of friction of the new tires is generally larger than that of the old tires. For non-sealed vehicles, when the water depth is greater than 0.45 m, the buoyancy of the car gradually decreases until it sinks to the bottom, and under the same water depth conditions, the buoyancy shows a decreasing trend with the increase of flow velocity. The flow resistance FD and transverse force FT of the car increased with the increase of flow velocity and water depth, and the coefficient of flow resistance CD of the car in different flow directions(0°～180°) ranged from 0.466 to 1.067, and the coefficient of transverse force CT ranged from 0 to 0.407.[Conclusion]The car is most easily destabilized at 90° in the head-on direction and most difficult to destabilize at 0°. Adopting the bottom line thinking, the friction coefficient is taken as 0.320, and when the product of flow velocity and water depth hυmin is greater than 0.81 m2·s-1, the car slides and destabilizes. And fitted curves for the relationship between the critical flow rate threshold for instability and water depth for different headwater directions. The results of the study can provide key parameter support for the development of vehicle instability early warning system, and at the same time, provide scientific basis for the optimization of urban road drainage performance evaluation standard.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2025.09.006
中图分类号:U467;TU992
引用信息:
[1]汪辉,李俊奇,王文海,等.城市道路洪涝条件下足尺车辆失稳风险阈值试验研究[J].水利水电技术(中英文),2025,56(09):76-94.DOI:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2025.09.006.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(52370093)