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【目的】我国南方岩溶区广泛发育的岩溶洼地在降雨事件下通过落水洞形成集中灌入式补给，可在短时间内向岩溶地下河输入大量悬浮物及氮磷等面源污染物，从而引发显著的水质脉冲响应并增加地下水安全与生态风险。阐明集中补给驱动下多组分污染物的耦合迁移与转化机制，是岩溶地下水污染防控与水资源保护的关键科学问题。【方法】围绕“集中补给-水动力条件-悬浮物传输-氮磷迁移转化”的主线，系统综述了岩溶地下河水文动态特征及其水动力控制机制、悬浮物的来源与传输规律、以及氮磷在溶解态与颗粒吸附态之间的迁移转化过程及其影响机制的研究进展。【结果】现有研究表明，岩溶含水系统补给方式呈现多元化，水动力条件受补给状态调控并呈现显著时空异质性；水化学同位素与人工示踪等技术为识别产汇流过程和表征溶质运移过程提供了重要方法；悬浮物既可来源于坡面侵蚀等外源输入，也可由管道沉积物再悬浮产生，其通量受流速、紊流强度及管道发育等因素控制，并通过吸附-解吸、沉降-再悬浮及微生物附着等过程影响氮磷的形态分配与输出通量。【结论】当前研究仍面临管道-裂隙双重介质与非稳定流条件下多相耦合机制表征不足、多污染物竞争吸附及颗粒态二次释放过程认识不充分、以及氮磷循环与悬浮物迁移耦合的系统观测与模型验证缺乏等问题。未来研究需在降雨事件尺度上加强入口-管道-出口多点协同监测与示踪试验，结合高分辨率观测与耦合模拟，聚焦降雨驱动下多组分相互作用过程，进一步揭示悬浮物与氮磷的耦合迁移转化机制及其环境效应。
Abstract：[Objective]Karst depressions are widely developed in karst areas of southern China， generate concentrated recharge via sinkholes during rainfall events. This process can input large quantities of suspended solids and non-point source pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus into karst underground rivers in a short time， thereby inducing a significant pulse response of water quality and elevating the risks to groundwater security and ecological stability. Elucidating the coupled migration and transformation mechanisms of multi-component pollutants driven by concentrated recharge constitutes a key scientific issue for the prevention and control of karst groundwater pollution and the protection of water resources. [Methods]Following the main line of ‘concentrated recharge-hydrodynamic conditions-suspended solid transport-nitrogen and phosphorus migration and transformation’， the research progress was systematically reviewed on the hydrological dynamic characteristics of karst underground rivers and their hydrodynamic control mechanisms， the sources and transport laws of suspended solids， as well as the migration and transformation processes of nitrogen and phosphorus between the dissolved phase and particle-adsorbed phase and their influencing mechanisms. [Results]Existing studies have shown that the recharge patterns of karst aquifer systems exhibit diversification， and the hydrodynamic conditions are regulated by recharge status with significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Techniques such as hydrochemical isotopes and artificial tracers provide important methods for identifying runoff generation and confluence processes and characterizing solute transport processes. Suspended solids originate not only from external inputs such as slope erosion but also from the resuspension of conduit sediments， and their flux is controlled by factors including flow velocity， turbulence intensity and conduit development. Moreover， suspended solids affect the speciation distribution and export flux of nitrogen and phosphorus through processes such as adsorption-desorption， sedimentation-resuspension and microbial attachment.[Conclusion] Current research still faces several challenges: insufficient characterization of multiphase coupling mechanisms under the conditions of fissure-conduit dual media and unsteady flow， inadequate understanding of the competitive adsorption of multiple pollutants and the secondary release process of particulate pollutants， and lack of systematic observation and model validation for the coupling of nitrogen and phosphorus cycles with suspended solid migration. Future research needs to strengthen multi-point synergistic monitoring and tracer tests at recharge inlets， karst conduits and discharge outlets at the rainfall event scale. Combined with high-resolution observation and coupled simulation， it should focus on the interaction processes of multi-components driven by rainfall to further reveal the coupled migration and transformation mechanisms of suspended solids with nitrogen and phosphorus and their environmental effects.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:X523
引用信息:
[1]罗明明,谢蕊,顾昊晨,等.岩溶地下河悬浮物与氮磷耦合迁移研究进展[J].水利水电技术(中英文)().
基金信息:
广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB24010016); 国家自然科学基金项目(42172276)
2026-06-04
2026-06-04
2026-06-04