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【目的】轴流泵在防洪排涝、农田灌溉等领域发挥着重要作用，针对轴流泵部分荷载工况下泵内流动和能量耗散特性问题，【方法】以某轴流泵为研究对象，采用数值模拟结合熵产分析方法对80%、70%、65%和60%设计流量工况下轴流泵内流动、熵产分布和能量耗散特性进行了定量分析研究。【结果】结果显示：研究所采用的数值模拟计算泵外特性结果与试验结果吻合良好，曲线趋势一致，说明研究采用的数值模型和网格进行仿真计算是合理可靠的。轴流泵内能量耗散从大到小依次为叶轮、导叶、导叶轮毂、60°。弯管、出口管、进口管和导水锥，其中叶轮和导叶两部件熵产加和占比最高可达75.93%,且主要是由脉动速度引起的湍流耗散。随流量减小，叶轮和导叶区熵产增大，叶轮熵产占比增大，特别是叶轮轮缘附近增大明显。【结论】结果表明：叶轮内高熵产区集中在叶片吸力面侧前缘、轮缘和尾缘附近，从叶片吸力侧前缘向叶片尾缘延伸，在叶轮轮缘附近最大。叶轮内叶片前缘附近流动分离，吸力面侧回流涡和尾迹流是造成这些区域高熵产的主要因素。导叶内高熵产区集中在导叶叶片进口前缘、流道内和尾缘区附近，这是来流对叶片进口的流动冲击、流道涡及尾迹流所致。随流量减小，叶轮相同对应截面上吸力侧的湍流耗散增大，在靠近轮缘间隙处尤为明显。这是小流量下叶轮吸力面附近产生更多的流动分离和旋涡所致。随流量减小，导叶内的湍流耗散有所增大，这是由于小流量下流体对导叶叶片进口前缘的流动冲击、流道涡和尾迹流有所增加。该研究成果可为轴流泵内能量耗散特性研究及水力优化设计提供参考。
Abstract：[Objective]Axial flow pumps play an important role in flood control and drainage, farmland irrigation, and other fields. The aim is to address the issues of internal flow and energy dissipation characteristics of axial flow pumps under partial load conditions.[Methods]An axial flow pump was selected as the research object. The internal flow, entropy production distribution, and energy dissipation characteristics of the axial flow pump were quantitatively analyzed under 80%, 70%, 65%, and 60% design flow conditions using numerical simulation and entropy production analysis.[Results]The result showed that the external characteristic calculations obtained from the numerical simulation matched well with the experimental result, with consistent curve trends, indicating that the numerical model and meshes used in the simulation were reasonable and reliable. The energy dissipation in the axial flow pump, from highest to lowest, was ranked as follows: impeller, guide vane, guide vane hub, 60-degree bend pipe, outlet pipe, inlet pipe, and water guide cone. Among them, the combined entropy production of the impeller and guide vane accounted for up to 75.93%, mainly due to turbulent dissipation caused by pulsating velocity. As the flow rate decreased, the entropy production in the impeller and guide vane regions increased, and the proportion of entropy production in the impeller increased, especially near the impeller rim.[Conclusion]The result indicate that the high entropy production regions in the impeller are concentrated near the leading edge, rim, and trailing edge on the suction side of the blades, extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge, with the maximum near the impeller rim. Flow separation occurs near the leading edge of the blades, and the recirculation vortex and wake flow on the suction side are the primary factors contributing to high entropy production in these regions. In the guide vane, high entropy production regions are concentrated near the leading edge of the blade inlet, within the flow passage, and near the trailing edge, resulting from flow impact on the blade inlet, passage vortices, and wake flow. As the flow rate decreases, the turbulent dissipation on the suction side at the same impeller cross-section increases, especially near the rim, due to increased flow separation and vortices forming on the suction side at low flow rates. As the flow rate decreases, the turbulent dissipation in the guide vane increases, which is caused by the increase of flow impact, passage vortices, and wake flow near the inlet of the guide vane at low flow rates. The research findings can provide a reference for understanding energy dissipation characteristics and optimizing the hydraulic design of axial flow pumps.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2025.08.011
中图分类号:TH312
引用信息:
[1]沈思敏,黄本胜,钱忠东,等.基于熵产的轴流泵内能量耗散特性分析[J].水利水电技术(中英文),2025,56(08):149-161.DOI:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2025.08.011.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(52109104); 广东省水利科技创新项目(2020-07)
2025-08-20
2025-08-20