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【目的】西江干流龙滩-岩滩梯级水库运行改变了鱼类繁殖期涨水-洪峰关键水文过程，导致下游大湟江口断面产卵河段鱼类资源衰退。为在保障发电效益的同时恢复上述关键水文过程，本文提出了面向鱼类繁殖期关键生态水文过程恢复的梯级生态调度方法。【方法】采用逐月最小值法与逐月频率法分别推求最小生态径流与适宜生态径流，并基于水文变化指标（IHA）与变化范围法（RVA）筛选关键水文指标；在此基础上，采用高斯隶属度-模糊赋权法构建生态完整度，建立生态完整度-发电量双目标生态调度模型，以改进的自适应人工鱼群算法（AAFSA）求解。【结果】当发电量损失率控制在7.1%以内时，典型丰、平、枯水年生态完整度较现状提高54.5%、38.1%和134.2%，关键水文过程指标均落入基于产卵场监测资料确定的繁殖期水量调度适宜范围。在算法性能方面，与改进前相比，发电量提高1.50%，生态完整度提高2.26%，计算时间缩短29.22%。【结论】生态完整度指标能够综合表征调度方案对繁殖期涨水-洪峰过程的恢复程度，丰水年调度空间最大，生态-发电协同效果最优；枯水年受来水总量限制，生态完整度绝对值偏低但提升幅度最大，反映了过程化水量配置对水文过程恢复的显著作用。模型可在发电损失可控条件下有效恢复繁殖期关键水文过程，为西江梯级生态调度决策提供定量化支撑。
Abstract：[Objective] The operation of the Longtan-Yantan cascade reservoirs on the main stem of the Xijiang River has altered critical hydrological processes of the rising flow and flood peak during the fish spawning season， leading to a decline in fish resources in the spawning reaches near the Dahuangjiangkou cross-section. To restore these key hydrological processes while maintaining power generation benefits， a cascade ecological scheduling method oriented toward the recovery of critical ecological and hydrological processes during the fish spawning season is proposed. [Methods] The monthly minimum value method and the monthly frequency method were employed to determine the minimum and suitable ecological discharges， respectively. Key hydrological indicators were identified using the indicators of hydrologic alteration (IHA) and the range of variability approach (RVA). On this basis， an ecological integrity index was constructed using Gaussian membership functions and fuzzy weighting， and a dual-objective ecological scheduling model balancing ecological integrity and power generation was established and solved using an improved adaptive artificial fish swarm algorithm (AAFSA). [Results] When the power generation loss rate was controlled below 7.1%， ecological integrity in typical wet， normal， and dry years improved by 54.5%， 38.1%， and 134.2%， respectively， compared to current conditions. All key hydrological process indicators fell within the suitable ranges for spawning-period flow scheduling determined from spawning ground monitoring data. In terms of algorithm performance， compared to the original algorithm， AAFSA achieved a 1.50% increase in power generation， a 2.26% improvement in ecological integrity， and a 29.22% reduction in computation time. [Conclusion] The ecological integrity index can comprehensively characterize the degree to which scheduling schemes restore the rising-flow and flood-peak processes during the spawning season. Wet years offer the greatest scheduling flexibility and achieve the optimal synergy between ecological and power generation objectives. In contrast， dry years， constrained by limited total inflow， have a relatively low absolute ecological integrity but exhibit the largest improvement magnitude， reflecting the significant effect of process-oriented flow allocation on hydrological process restoration. The proposed model can effectively restore critical hydrological processes during the spawning period under controllable power generation losses， providing quantitative decision support for ecological scheduling of the Xijiang River cascade.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TP18;X143;TV697.11
引用信息:
[1]李继清,蔡博文,谢华晶,等.基于自适应人工鱼群算法的西江流域梯级水库鱼类繁殖期生态优化调度模型[J].水利水电技术(中英文)().
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目（U2243224，52579009）; 国家重点实验室开放基金（2024nkzd01，2025SDG03）
2026-08-31
2026-08-31
2026-08-31