水利水电技术（中英文）

干旱区流域水权用水总量合规管理研究综述：基于动态水账的“制度-技术-行为”分析框架

刘悦忆¹ 郑航¹

赵建世²

1.东莞理工学院生态与环境工程学院 2.清华大学水利水电工程系

基金项目(Foundation): 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金（2024A1515140149）; 国家自然科学基金项目(52179009，U2040206，51909035)

邮箱(Email): zhenghang00@163.com

DOI:

发布时间： 2026-09-01

出版时间： 2026-09-01

网络发布时间： 2026-09-01

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摘要：

【目的】针对干旱区长期水权和固定总量指标难以充分反映年度水情变化，以及年度允许取用水量与年度实际取用水量缺乏统一核算机制的问题，提出基于动态水账的用水总量合规管理框架。【方法】构建“制度-技术-行为”分析框架，以澳大利亚墨累—达令流域为主要案例，采用制度分析、长序列比较和典型流域分析方法，考察长期水权、年度配水、水量账户、模型核算、市场交易与合规评价之间的关系。【结果】澳大利亚通过年度可用水量评估和水权动态配水，将用水总量约束落实为与当年水情相适应的年度允许取水量，采用动态水量账户统一记录配水、交易、订水和实际取水。干旱期配水压减和水价上涨促使农户出售水量并调整种植结构，从而降低取水量。【结论】基于澳大利亚经验，提出的基于动态水账的用水总量合规管理框架，以水权和总量指标为边界，将多年尺度的总量约束转化为特定水文年的合规基准。该框架有助于避免丰水年因固定指标偏宽而掩盖管理问题，也可避免枯水年因许可水量与实际可用水量脱节而形成系统性超用风险；水文模型与水资源配置模型可进一步识别水文条件变化、管理执行偏差和用水主体行为对水量超用的相对影响，为我国干旱区流域开展用水总量合规管理提供理论框架和技术路径。

关键词： 干旱区; 水权制度; 用水总量控制; 合规管理; 动态水账; 水资源; 水预算管理; 水资源刚性约束;

Abstract：

[Objective] To address the limitations of long-term water entitlements and fixed water-use caps in reflecting annual hydrological variability in arid regions and the lack of a unified accounting mechanism for annual permitted and actual water withdrawals， a total water-use compliance management framework based on dynamic water accounting is proposed. [Methods] An “institution-technology-behavior” framework was developed. With the Murray–Darling Basin in Australia as the main case， institutional analysis， long time-series comparison and typical-basin analysis were applied to examine the links among long-term water entitlements， annual allocations， water accounts， model-based accounting， water trading and compliance evaluation. [Results] Australia converted total water-use constraints into annual permitted take that reflected current water availability through annual water-availability assessment and dynamic water allocation based on entitlements. Dynamic water accounts provided a unified record of allocations， trades， water orders and actual extraction. During droughts， lower allocations and higher water prices encouraged farmers to sell water allocations and change cropping patterns， thereby reducing water use. [Conclusion] Based on Australian experience， the proposed dynamic water-accounting framework uses long-term water entitlements and water-use caps as overall boundaries， while translating them into compliance benchmarks for specific hydrological years. It helps avoid fixed caps becoming overly lenient and masking management problems in wet years and also helps avoid systematic overuse risks caused by a disconnect between permitted and actually available water in dry years. Hydrological and water allocation models can further distinguish the relative effects of hydrological change， deviations in management implementation and water-user behavior on excessive water use. It provides a theoretical framework and technical pathway for total water-use compliance management in China’s arid river basins.

KeyWords： arid regions; water-rights institutions; total water-use control; compliance management; dynamic water accounting; water resources; water budget management; rigid constraints on water resources;

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基本信息:

中图分类号:TV213.4;F426.91;F461.1

引用信息:

[1]刘悦忆,郑航,赵建世.干旱区流域水权用水总量合规管理研究综述：基于动态水账的“制度-技术-行为”分析框架[J].水利水电技术(中英文)().

基金信息:

广东省基础与应用基础研究基金（2024A1515140149）; 国家自然科学基金项目(52179009，U2040206，51909035)

发布时间：

2026-09-01

出版时间：

2026-09-01

网络发布时间：

2026-09-01

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