水利水电技术（中英文）

为研究复杂环境作用下土石坝筑坝材料的力学特性,研制了一种考虑温度-湿度联合控制的三轴仪。此装置通过在内压力室中安装螺旋铜管,连接制冷加热温度循环系统,且设置上、下温度传感器实现对试样温度的控制;通过在内外压力室壁间施加与围压相等的气压,同时在压力罩外壁设预应力卡箍,提高试样体变量测精度;通过增设恒温湿度控制系统,实现温度与湿度的联合控制。对装置的温控系统进行了测试,并给出了温度为5℃和45℃时的体变-围压校核曲线。在此基础上,进行了不同温度下的沥青混凝土三轴试验以及在不同湿度下堆石料的三轴试验。结果表明:该装置控温效果较好,且体变受围压和温度影响较小;所测得的不同温度和湿度下沥青混凝土与堆石料的应力应变关系与现有的类似试验结果基本一致,验证了该装置的可靠性。此外,利用该温度-湿度联合控制三轴仪可进一步开展土石材料在复杂环境变化条件下长期变形特性的研究。

In order to study the mechanical properties of the dam construction materials for earth-rockfill dam under complicated environmental effect, a temperature-humidity joint control considered-triaxial apparatus is developed. This apparatus connects cooling-heating circulation system with the spiral copper tube installed inside the inner pressure chamber, and then realizes the temperature control of test specimen through the upper and lower temperature sensors arranged therein. Through applying the air pressure equivalent to the confining pressure between the walls of both the inner and outer pressure chambers as well as installing prestressed clamping hoops on the outer wall of the pressure jacket at the same time, the volumetric strain measurement accuracy of test specimen is improved. Through adding a constant temperature-humidity control system, the temperature-humidity joint control is realized. The temperature control system of the apparatus is tested, and then the volumetric strain-confining pressure calibrating curves under the temperatures of 5 ℃ and 45 ℃ are given out. On the basis of this, the triaxial pressure experiments of bituminous concretes under different temperatures as well as the rockfill materials under different humidities are carried out. The results show that the temperature control effect of this apparatus is better with lessimpacts from confining pressure and temperature, the measured stress-train relation between bituminous concretes and rockfill materials under different temperatures and humidities are basically coincided with those from the similar experiments, thus the reliability of this apparatus is verified. Additionally, the studies on long term deformation characteristics of the earth-rockfill materials under the conditions of complicated environment changes can be further carried out with the temperature-humidity joint control triaxial apparatus.