王成文,方磊,李英,黄小琴,张勃,徐兆祥,马波

• 1:宁夏回族自治区水文环境地质调查院
• 2:中国地质大学(北京)水资源与环境学院
• 3:宁夏回族自治区地质局

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】开展银川平原引黄灌溉引起的包气带和地下水的动态响应试验，研究“灌溉水-包气带水-地下水”的转换过程和规律。【方法】以典型引黄灌区水田为研究对象，运用水文地质学、土壤水动力学等学科理论对原位试验观测资料数值分析，借助Origin、SPSS等统计分析软件进行数据处理，利用Hydrus-1D、Surfer等数值模拟软件进行拟合和插值分析。【结果】结果得出，灌溉过程中包气带各埋深层位的水分和负压变化呈显著相关性，相关系数达0.9以上；运用Hydrus-1D拟合田间土壤水分特征曲线，发现叠加各埋深层位可得到较连续的拟合曲线；在多次灌溉入渗试验中，第1次灌溉入渗引起的地下水动态响应最快，灌溉后响应时间为388.8 min;运用地下水灌溉响应法定量测算灌溉入渗能力，算得田间灌溉入渗系数均值为0.202;对地下水位动态进行插值分析，发现回灌逐步形成“水丘”中心，地下水流场也随之发生变化；通过地下水补给源项分析，引黄灌区内灌溉水对地下水的年灌溉补给贡献率达79%。【结论】通过原位田间试验，进一步厘清引黄灌区的包气带特性和地下水响应过程，发现引黄灌溉对灌区地下水的补给和流场特征有着决定性的作用，为提高引黄水量利用率和包气带-地下水资源评估、管理及调控提供一定科学支撑。

关键词(KeyWords)： 原位试验;地下水;包气带;灌溉入渗系数;动态响应

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 宁夏地下水与生态环境效应研究人才小高地项目;; 宁夏自然科学基金(2021AAC03449,2023AAC03785,2023AAC02081);; 宁夏地质局项目“宁夏生态地质调查示范项目”(NXCZ20220201)

作者(Author): 王成文,方磊,李英,黄小琴,张勃,徐兆祥,马波

DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2024.07.006

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