张丽亭,逄勇,汪静娴,季汇玲,张舒文

• 1:河海大学浅水湖泊综合治理与资源开发教育部重点实验室
• 2:河海大学环境学院

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】为保障叶尔羌河的生态用水并科学合理确定生态流量，【方法】基于长系列水文资料，采用面积比指数法对研究河段进行径流推求，得出控制断面长系列径流成果；根据径流计算数据和实测断面信息，使用水力学计算方法得出在不同流量条件下的水深、湿周、流速和水面宽等水力特性。同时，结合鱼类栖息地需求的水力参数，运用Tennant法、湿周法、Q90法和生态水力学法等四种不同方法综合确定该断面的生态流量。根据生态流量计算结果，分析天然来流和生态流量下泄两种情形下的下游断面水文水力特征变化情况。【结果】通过对多种计算方法进行比较分析，确定在叶尔羌河流域米斯克尼坝址断面，枯水期(10月至次年3月)的最小下泄生态流量为多年平均流量的10%,即14.3 m~3/s;而在鱼类繁殖期和丰水期(4月至9月),下泄的生态流量应为多年平均流量的30%,即42.9 m~3/s。采取以上计算结果进行生态流量下泄，下游河道断面水力参数均有不同程度的改变，与平水年天然来流相比流量降低79.6%、流速降低48.3%、水深减小31.4%、水面宽减小26.1%。【结论】以上基于鱼类生境需求，结合水文学、水力学方法的河道生态流量计算方法较为合理，且能根据鱼类产卵时间划分出精确的生态流量。河道内仅下泄生态流量会导致断面水深、水面宽、流速等水力参数发生较大的改变，在保证鱼类生态流量的同时还需考虑流量减少对其他动物或植被的影响。

关键词(KeyWords)： 生态流量;鱼类生境;计算方法;叶尔羌河;径流还原;影响因素;水资源

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52000100)

作者(Author): 张丽亭,逄勇,汪静娴,季汇玲,张舒文

DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2025.01.009

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