李骏,邵生俊

• 1:中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司
• 2:西安理工大学岩土工程研究所

摘要(Abstract)：

针对黄土隧道在埋深较大条件下仍易出现围岩裂缝贯穿至地表并导致围岩压力预估不足的问题,在分析黄土隧道地表裂缝调研结果及黄土垂直节理裂隙分布特征的基础上,建立了一种考虑新黄土垂直节理裂隙发育影响的隧道围岩压力计算模型,将整个隧道埋设地层分为裂隙张开区、裂隙闭合区及均质土层区三个区域,根据区域间的力学平衡关系推导出黄土隧道围岩压力的解析式。选取宝兰高铁沿线典型黄土隧道断面,将该计算方法与以往常用土质隧道围岩压力计算方法进行对比,并对计算模型中主要影响参数进行分析。结果表明,对于隧道上方覆盖有一定厚度新黄土的情况,该方法可以反映出围岩滑裂面贯穿至地表条件下偏大的围岩压力作用。利用该方法分析了黄土隧道施工过程中发生支护大变形及地表塌陷的病害成因,进一步论证了将其用于计算黄土隧道围岩裂缝发展至地表条件下作用于支护结构的围岩压力的合理性。

关键词(KeyWords)： 黄土垂直节理;黄土隧道;破坏模式;围岩压力

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目“黄土的孕灾力学行为与工程灾变机理研究”(11572245)

作者(Author): 李骏,邵生俊

DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2021.06.009

参考文献(References)：

• [1] 谢定义，邢义川.黄土土力学[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2016.XIE Dingyi,XING Yichuan.Soil mechanics for loess soils[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2016.
• [2] 卢全中，彭建兵，陈志新，等.黄土高原地区黄土裂隙发育特征及其规律研究[J].水土保持学报，2005(5):193-196.LU Quanzhong,PENG Jianbing,CHEN Zhixin,et al.Research on characteristics of cracks and fissures of loess and their distribution in loess plateau of China[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2005(5):193-196.
• [3] 王景明，王江帅，刘金峰，等.地裂缝及其灾害的理论与应用[M].西安：陕西科学技术出版社，2000.WANG Jingming,WANG Jiangshuai,LIU Jinfeng,et al.Soil mechanics for loess soils[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi Science and Technology Press,2000.
• [4] 杨凯，戚铁.新建黄土隧道开挖及支护对既有隧道影响的数值模拟分析[J].铁道勘察，2019,45(2):56-61.YANG Kai,QI Tie.Numerical simulation analysis of new loess tunnel excavation and support to existing tunnel[J].Railway Investigation and Surveying,2019,45(2):56-61.
• [5] 叶朝良.黄土隧道施工地表裂缝形成机理及控制技术研究[D].成都：西南交通大学，2012.YE Chaoliang.Study on the formation mechanism of ground fissure during loess tunnel construction and its control technology[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2012.
• [6] 王明年，郭军，罗禄森，等.高速铁路大断面黄土隧道深浅埋分界深度研究[J].岩土力学，2010,31(4):1157-1162.WANG Mingnian,GUO Jun,LUO Lusen,et al.Study of critical buried depth of large cross-section loess tunnel for high speed railway[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(4):1157-1162.
• [7] 杨建民，喻渝，谭忠盛，等.大断面深浅埋黄土隧道围岩压力试验研究[J].铁道工程学报，2009(2):76-79.YANG Jianmin,YU Yu,TAN Zhongsheng,et al.Experimental research on the surrounding rock pressure of large sectional loess tunnel under deep and shallow submersion[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2009(2):76-79.
• [8] 王明年，郭军，罗禄森，等.高速铁路大断面深埋黄土隧道围岩压力计算方法[J].中国铁道科学，2009,30(5):53-58.WANG Mingnian,GUO Jun,LUO Lusen,et al.Calculation method for the surrounding rock pressure of deep buried large sectional loess tunnel of high-speed railway[J].China Railway Science,2009,30(5):53-58.
• [9] 赵占厂，谢永利，杨晓华，等.黄土公路隧道围岩压力测试分析[J].现代隧道技术，2003(2):58-61.ZHAO Zhanchang,XIE Yongli,YANG Xiaohua,et al.Ground pressure measurement and analysis for highway tunnels located in loess[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2003(2):58-61.
• [10] 赵勇，李国良，喻渝.黄土隧道工程[M].北京：中国铁道出版社，2011.ZHAO Yong,LI Guoliang,YU Yu.Engineering of Loess Tunnel[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2011.
• [11] 冯立.黄土垂直节理形成机理[D].西安：西北大学，2016.FENG Li.Forming mechanism of loess vertical joints[D].Xi’an:Northwest University,2016.
• [12] 张金柱，郝文广.黄土隧道塌方情况及病害原因分析[J].隧道建设，2007(S2):321-324.ZHANG Jinzhu,HAO Wenguang.Analysis on collapse and damage for tunnels in loess layer[J].Tunnel Construction,2007(S2):321-324.
• [13] 黄雪峰，李佳，崔红，等.非饱和原状黄土垂直高边坡潜在土压力原位测试试验研究[J].岩土工程学报，2010,32(4):500-506.HUANG Xuefeng,LI Jia,CUI Hong,et al.Distribution characteristics of earth pressure for unsaturated intact loess[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(4):500-506.
• [14] 谢家烋.浅埋隧道的地层压力[J].土木工程学报，1964(6):58-70.XIE Jiaxiao.Formation pressure of shallow buried tunnel[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1964(6):58-70.
• [15] 刘小军，王震，王铁行，等.原状黄土节理抗剪强度试验研究[J].煤炭学报，2017,42(8):2003-2010.LIU Xiaojun,WANG Zhen,WANG Tiehang,et al.Experimental study on shear strength of loess joints[J].Journal of China Society,22017,42(8):2003-2010.
• [16] 陈存礼，贾亚军，金娟，等.含水率及应力对原状黄土静止侧压力系数的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报，2017,36(S1):3535-3542.CHEN Chunli,JIA Yajun,JIN Juan,et al.Influences of water content and stress on coefficient of lateral pressure at rest of undisturbed loess[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(S1):3535-3542.
• [17] 牛军贤，颉铎铃.湿陷性黄土静止侧压力系数试验研究[J].土工基础，2015,29(4):124-126.NIU Junxian,JIE Duoling.Coefficient of static earth pressure of collapsible loess[J].Soil Engineering and Foundation,2015,29(4):124-126.
• [18] JAKY J.The coefficient of earth pressure at rest[J].Journal of the Society of Hungarian Architects and Engineers,1944,78(22):355-358.
• [19] 国家铁路局.铁路隧道设计规范：TB10003—2016[S].北京：中国铁道出版社，2017.National Railway Administration.Code for design of railway tunnel:TB10003—2016 [S].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2017.
• [20] 中国铁路总公司.铁路黄土隧道技术规范：Q/CR 9511—2014[S].北京：中国铁道出版社，2014.China Railway Corporation.Technical code for railway tunnel in loess:Q/CR9511-2014[S].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2014.(in Chinese)).
• [21] 刘建超.鲍家河黄土隧道塌方处理方法探讨[J].公路隧道，2006(4):31-32.NIU Jianchao.Discussion on treatment method of collapse of Baojiahe loess tunnel[J].Journal of Highway Tunnel,2006(4):31-32.
• [22] 朱伟.黄土隧道塌方处理及原因浅析[J].西部探矿工程，2000(3):71-73.ZHU Wei.Analysis of collapse of loess tunnel and its treatment[J].West-china Exploration Engineering,2000(3):71-73.