基于河道冲刷特性的枢纽流量调度研究River channel scouring characteristics-based study on flow rate scheduling of water control project
辜晋德,徐建荣,颜志庆,彭育,薛阳
摘要(Abstract):
岸边式泄洪洞泄洪时下游河道冲刷问题关系到工程安全,同时冲刷引起的河道淤积也会导致尾水位抬高。大型泄洪枢纽可通过合理的流量分配抬高下游水位,降低河道冲刷,减少河道淤积对电站尾水的影响。以白鹤滩水电工程为例,通过1∶50水工模型对其泄洪洞出口的深覆盖层地形进行模拟,研究了并联式岸边泄洪洞不同运行组合下消能区河道的冲刷形态;通过对试验数据的回归分析,提出了冲坑与堆积体的预测公式;以下游岸坡安全及河道淤积最小化为参考指标,结合泄洪洞出口布置形式及消能区河道的水位流量关系,提出了一种兼顾安全和效益的调度方法。本文研究结果可供水利枢纽工程运行调度参考。
关键词(KeyWords): 河岸泄水建筑物;冲刷深度;泄洪洞;运行调度;模型试验;白鹤滩水电工程
基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0401705);; 中国博士后科学基金(2019M661883)
作者(Author): 辜晋德,徐建荣,颜志庆,彭育,薛阳
参考文献(References):
- [1] 陈椿庭.关于高坝挑流消能和局部冲刷深度的一个估算方法[J].水利学报,1963,4(2):15-26.CHEN T D.On the energy dissipation of high overflow dam with flip bucket and estimation of downstream local erosion[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1963,4(2):15-26.
- [2] 明宗富,刘建军,詹义正.高坝挑流冲刷深度计算[J].长江科学院院报,1991,8(4):51-56.MING Z F,LIU J J,ZHAN Y Z.The computation for scouring depth by free jet from bucket of high dam[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,1991,8(4):51-56.
- [3] 周怀春.挑流冲刷深度预测估算[J].云南水力发电,2017,33(4):146-147.ZHOU H C.The estimation on scour depth of air jet [J].Yunnan Water Power,2017,33(4):146-147.
- [4] 张鹏,李玉柱,徐照明.基于人工神经网络的挑流冲刷预报[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2003,43(11):1538-1541.ZHANG Peng,LI Yuzhu,XU Zhaoming,Prediction of free jet scour depths using artificial neural networks[J].J.Tsinghua Univ.(Sci & Tech),2003,43(11):1538-1541.
- [5] 孙建,李玉柱.高拱坝挑流水舌左右碰撞作用下河床基岩冲刷平衡深度的数学模型[J].西安理工大学学报,2004,20(1):12-16.SUN J,LI Y Z.Mathematic model for bedrock scoured balance depth of river bed under the action of left-right collision of water jet from high arch dam[J].Journal of Xi′an University of Technology,2004(1):12-16.
- [6] 秦艳.基于冲击压强的挑流冲坑预测方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2007.QIN Y.Study on Prediction Method of Free Jet Scour Hole Based on Impact Pressure[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2007.
- [7] MALEKI S,FIOROTTO V.Blocks stability in plunge pools under turbulent rectangular jets[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2019,145(4):1-13.
- [8] JACQUES C.Analysis of the Hydrodynamics of rectangular plunging Jets and the subsequent scouring in broken-up rock beds[D].Stellenbosch:Stellenbosch University,2016.
- [9] FEDERSPIEL1 M P E A,BOLLAERT1 E F R,SCHLEISS A J.Dynamic response of a rock block in a plunge pool due to asymmetrical impact of a high-velocity jet[C]//SCHLEISS A J.34th IAHR World Congress-Balance and Uncertainty.Brisbane,Australia:IAHR,2011:2404-2411.
- [10] MANSO P A,BOLLAERT E F R,SCHLEISS A J.Influence of plunge pool geometry on high-velocity jet impact pressures and pressure propagation inside fissured rock media[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2009,135(10):783-792.
- [11] MANSO P,SCHLEISS A,BOILLAT J L,et al.Large-scale motion induced by turbulent plunging jets in pools created by scouring of the riverbed[C]// MANSO P.Proceedings of the International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics.Lisbon,Portugal:River Flow 2006,2006:1-10.
- [12] DUARTE R,PINHEIRO A,SCHLEISS A J.An enhanced physically based scour model for considering jet air entrainment[J].Engineering,2016,2(3):328-344.
- [13] XU W L,CHEN C Q,WEI W R,Experimental study on the air concentration distribution of aerated jet flows in a plunge pool[J].Water,2018,10(12):1779,1-15.
- [14] Bollaert E F R,Schleiss A J.Physically based model for evaluation of rock scour due to high-velocity jet impact[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2005,131(3):153-165.
- [15] Bollaert E F R.Physics of Rock Scour:The Power of the Bubble[C]//ASCE.Scour and Erosion:International Conference on Scour and Erosion (ICSE-5) 2010:21-40.
- [16] 孙建,李玉柱,余常昭.多股挑、跌流水舌作用下基岩冲刷平衡深度[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2002,42(2):266-269.SUN Jian,LI Yuzhu,YU Changzhao.Limiting scour depth in water cushion pools produced by multiple jets [J].J.Tsinghua Univ.(Sci & Tech),(2):266-269.
- [17] 刘沛清.挑射水流对岩石河床的冲刷机理研究[D].北京:清华大学,1994.Liu Peiqing,Study of the mechanism of scour by free jets on rocky river beds.[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,1994.
- [18] 刘沛清,高季章,李永梅.多层水股射流在水垫塘内的流动-特征与动水垫效应分析[J].水利学报,1999,30(3):1-7.LIU P Q,GAO J Z,LI Y M.Flow characteristics of multi-jet impinged into a plunge pool and the effect of flowing water cushion[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1999,30(3):1-7.
- [19] 夏毓常.岩基挑流冲刷的型观测与模型试验比较分析[J].长江科学院院报,1996,13(4):6-10.XIA Y C.Comparative analysis on prototype observation and model test results of jet scour in rock foundation[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,1996,13(4):6-10.
- [20] 王世夏.岩石河床挑流冲刷坑深度公式[J].华东水利学院学报,1981(2):41-60.WANG S X.A formula for estimating the scour depth of river beds by the free jet froma trajectory bucket[J].Journal of Hohai University,1981(2):41-60.