曾清,唐立模,骆国强,林青炜,屈一晗,曹伽

• 1:河海大学水利水电学院
• 2:江苏省太湖地区水利工程管理处

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】水跃作为一种重要的水力现象，在水利工程消能中被广泛应用。低弗劳德数下水跃易形成波状结构且消能率往往不理想，导致下游消能防冲设施受到严重冲刷破坏。【方法】因此分别从力学机制和外部条件作用分析总结了低弗劳德数水跃消能弱化机制，并结合水体结构与气泡引入及其相互作用角度，深化对低弗劳德数水跃结构和消能路径的理解。基于弱化机制的认识，对消力池设计、消力池结构优化、辅助消能工应用和掺气整流消能关键技术及机理进行梳理，以指导工程设计，同时指出了应对辅助消能工空化空蚀、消力池内泥沙淤积、水体过饱和气鱼类致死等衍生问题的关键技术。【结果】研究发现，当前低弗劳德数水跃消能研究由于水跃结构本身的复杂性以及现代流动测试技术局限性，水跃紊流结构与能量耗散机理研究仍存在系统性认知空缺；在工程应用中，目前缺乏普适性设计准则以指导工程优化，同时亟待建立工程生态影响评估体系。【结论】未来可利用物理信息神经网络和机器学习技术在水跃两相流机理的深入、消能工设计方法的优化、工程方案多目标评价体系的建立三方面开展进一步研究。

关键词(KeyWords)： 低弗劳德数;水跃消能;弱化机制;关键技术;消能机理;消能率;水力特性;空化

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 江苏省水利厅科研项目“淮河入海水道二期工程枢纽建设质量及安全保障提升关键技术研究”(RHSD2/FW-2024-03);; 国家重点研发计划“长江中下游平原河网区水动力优化再构与自然动能高效利用”(2022YFC3202603)

作者(Author): 曾清,唐立模,骆国强,林青炜,屈一晗,曹伽

DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2026.03.014

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