顾展飞,魏海龙,全鑫,刘之葵

• 1:桂林理工大学土木工程学院
• 2:郑州航空工业管理学院土木与环境学院

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】为识别不同条件影响下土壤流失量的变化规律以及科学防治水土流失，【方法】以桂北岩溶石山地区坡面水土流失为研究对象，基于室内人工降雨模拟试验，系统分析了不同裂隙度、不同降雨强度以及不同坡度对岩溶石山地区坡面径流、产沙的影响；并结合水土流失野外监测数据，验证了模拟试验的准确性和有效性。【结果】结果表明：(1)裂隙度恒定，降雨强度为15 mm/h时，与坡度为0°的土壤流失量相比，坡度为3°、6°、9°的土壤流失量平均增长率为70.13%;降雨强度为30 mm/h时，相较于坡度为0°的土壤流失量，坡度为3°、6°、9°的土壤流失量平均增长率为42.53%;降雨强度为60 mm/h时，与坡度为0°的土壤流失量相比，坡度3°、6°、9°的土壤流失量平均增长率为35.07%。坡度越大地表土壤流失量越多，但土壤流失量增长速率逐渐放缓，且放缓趋势较为明显。(2)坡度、降雨强度恒定时，裂隙度对土壤流失量的影响较小，随着裂隙度的增大，土壤流失量总体呈下降趋势，并且减少幅度比较小。坡度、裂隙度恒定时，降雨强度在15～30 mm/h时，降雨强度越大地表土壤流失量增长率越大；当降雨强度大于30 mm/h,土壤流失量仍然在增大，但增长速率放缓。(3)由Pearson相关系数计算结果可知，降雨强度对水土流失量的影响程度要大于坡度对水土流失量的影响程度。坡度为3°、6°时，野外实地监测结果与室内试验结果基本保持一致，可见室内人工降雨试验适用于研究岩溶地区坡面产流特征。【结论】该研究可为桂北岩溶石山地区水土流失的防治和生态恢复提供理论指导和技术支撑。

关键词(KeyWords)： 降雨;降雨强度;径流;水土流失;地形坡度;桂北地区

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(41867039);; 南方石山地区矿山地质环境修复工程技术创新中心项目(CX2X2020002);; 广西岩土力学与工程重点实验室资助课题(桂科能20-Y-XT-03)

作者(Author): 顾展飞,魏海龙,全鑫,刘之葵

DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2025.03.020

参考文献(References)：

• [1] 赵楠，李明明，方珂，等.雨强与水土保持措施对西南植烟红壤Cu、Mo和Zn流失的影响[J].水土保持学报，2023,37(5):305-311.ZHAO Nan,LI Mingming,FANG Ke,et al.Effects of rain intensity and soil and water conservation measures on the loss of Cu,Mo and Zn in tobacco planting red soil in southwest China[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2023,37(5):305-311.
• [2] 顾展飞，赵学文，张明飞.纤维加筋红黏土强度特性试验及微观机理分析[J].华北水利水电大学学报(自然科学版),2024,45(1):83-89.GU Zhanfei,ZHAO Xuewen,ZHANG Mingfei.Experimental study on the strength character-istics and microstructure of fiber-reinforced red clay [J].Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power(Natural Science Edition),2024,45(1):83-89.
• [3] WEI H L,GU Z F,LIU Z K,et al.Creep properties and creep modelling of guilin red clay[J].Applied Sciences,2023,13(21):12052.
• [4] 顾展飞，黄冰砚，刘之葵，等.振动荷载及温度对白云岩和石灰岩溶蚀影响试验研究[J].中国岩溶，2023,42(4):834-841.GU Zhanfei,HUANG Bingyan,LIU Zhikui,et al.Experimental study on the influence of vibration loads and temperatures on the dissolution of dolomite and limestone[J].Carsologica Sinica,2023,42(4):834-841.
• [5] 莫建飞，陈燕丽，莫伟华.广西喀斯特地区植被生态质量多尺度时空演变分析[J].中国岩溶，2023,42(5):1-14.MO Jianfei,CHEN Liyan,MO Weihua.Multi-scaled analysis of spatial-temporal evolution of vegetation ecological quality in the karst area of Guangxi[J].CARSOLOGICA SINICA,2023,42(5):1117-1130.
• [6] 广西壮族自治区水利厅.广西壮族自治区水土保持公报(2022年) [EB/OL].[2023-07-28].http://slt.gxzf.gov.cn/zwgk/jbgb/gxstbcgb/t16852780.shtml.Deportment of Water Resources of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.Soil and Water Conservation in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Bulletin(2022) [EB/OL].[2023-07-28].http://slt.gxzf.gov.cn/zwgk/jbgb/gxstbcgb/t16852780.shtml.
• [7] 冯昭阳，汤珊珊，李鹏，等.不同覆沙方式下的坡面侵蚀产沙特性研究[J].干旱区资源与环境，2023,37(6):183-191.FENG Zhaoyang,TANG Shanshan,Ll Peng,et al.Characteristics of slope erosion and sediment yield under different sand cover modes[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2023,37(6):183-191.
• [8] 周飞华，查轩，吴洁玲，等.长汀花岗岩红壤不同植草措施对马尾松幼林坡面侵蚀过程影响试验研究[J].地理研究，2023,42 (9):2520-2537.ZHOU Feihua,CHA Xuan,WU Jieling,et al.Experimental study on the effects of different grass-planting measures on slope erosion process of young Pinus massoniana forest in Changting granite red soil area[J].Geographical Research,2023,42 (9):2520-2537.
• [9] WEI S,ZHANG K D,LIU C L,et al.Effects of different vegetation components on soil erosion and response to rainfall intensity under simulated rainfall[J].Catena,2024,235:107652.
• [10] LINS T M C,SOUZA R E,SANTOS S M E T,et al.Influence of vegetation cover and rainfall intensity on soil attributes in an area undergoing desertification in Brazil[J].Catena,2023,221:106751.
• [11] 沈子雅，程金花，赵溦，等.降雨条件下灌草配置方式对褐土坡面径流泥沙特征的影响[J].水土保持学报，2022,36(5):17-23.SHEN Ziya,CHENG Jinhua,ZHAO Wei,et al.Effects of different configuration patterns of shrub and grass on runoff andsediment characteristics from cinnamon soil under rainfall conditions[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,36(5):17-23.
• [12] ZHANG X Y,ZHU Q D,SANG J,et al.Effects of rainfall and the slope gradient on the soil and water loss in a purple soil area[J].Soil and Water Research,2022,17(4):232-242.
• [13] OSHUNSANYA O S,YU H Q,OPARA C C,et al.Integration effect of vetiver grass strips with maize population density on soil erosion under two contrasting slopes of rainforest agroecology [J].Catena,2023,221:106768.
• [14] 李熙，刘强，江世雄，等.典型红壤区输变电工程堆积体边坡细沟侵蚀特征[J].长江科学院院报，2023,40(9):61-67.LI Xi,LIU Qiang,JIANG Shixiong,et al.Characteristics of rill erosion of deposit slope formed by power transmission project in a typical red soil region in China[J].Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,2023,40(9):61-67.
• [15] MAISYARAH S,CHEN J Y,HSEU Z Y,et al.Retention and loss pathways of soluble nutrients in biochar-treated slope land soil based on a rainfall simulator[J].Soil & Environmental Health,2023,1(2):100021.
• [16] HE J,HUANG A G,JI J F,et al.Enzyme induced carbonate precipitation with fibers for the improvement of clay soil slopes against rainfall and surface runoff erosions[J].Transportation Geotechnics,2023,42:101074.
• [17] YANG J H,LIU H Q,ZHANG J P,et al.Lab simulation of soil erosion on cultivated soil slopes with wheat straw incorporation[J].Catena,2022,210:105865.
• [18] BIRHANU K,ATSUSHI T,NIGUSSIE H,et al.Effect of polyacrylamide integrated with other soil amendments on runoff and soil loss:Case study from northwest Ethiopia[J].International Soil and Water Conservation Research,2022,10(3):487-496.
• [19] 陈金珂，蒲俊兵，李建鸿，等.典型岩溶流域不同坡度等级下的土壤侵蚀与石漠化分布特征耦合分析[J].水土保持研究，2020,27(5):1-9.CHEN Jinke,PU Junbing,LI Jianhong,et al.Coupling of rocky desertification distribution and soil erosion under different slope grades in a typical karst basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2020,27(5):1-9.
• [20] 覃自阳，甘凤玲，何丙辉.岩层倾向对喀斯特槽谷区地表/地下产流过程的影响[J].水土保持学报，2020,34(5):68-75.QIN Ziyang,GAN Fengling,HE Binghui.Influence of strata tendency on the surface/underground runoff production process in typical karst valley[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2020,34(5):68-75.
• [21] DAI Q H,PENG X D,YANG Z,et al.Runoff and erosion processes on bare slopes in the Karst Rocky Desertification Area[J].Gatena,2017,152:218-226.
• [22] 彭旭东，戴全厚，李昌兰，等.模拟雨强和地下裂隙对喀斯特地区坡耕地养分流失的影响[J].农业工程学报，2017,33 (2):131-140.PENGF Xudong,DAI Quanhou,LI Changlan,et al.Effect of simulated rainfall intensities and underground pore fissure degrees on soil nutrient loss from slope farmlands in Karst Region[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33 (2):131-140.
• [23] 姚一文，戴全厚，甘艺贤，等.雨强和地下孔(裂)隙度对喀斯特坡耕地养分流失的影响[J].中国农业科学，2021,54(1):140-151.YAO Yiwen,DAI Quanhou,GAN Yixian,et al.Effects of rainfall intensity and underground hole(fracture) gap on nutrient loss in karst sloping farmland[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2021,54(1):140-151.
• [24] 廖裕俭.模拟降雨条件下植被根毛对土壤抗侵蚀能力的影响[J].水利科学与寒区工程，2023,6(7):53-56.LIAO Y J.Impact of vegetation root hairs on soil erosion resistance under simulated rainfall conditions[J].Hydro Science and Cold Zone Engineering,2023,6(7):53-56.
• [25] 丁贵惠，任忠政，胡伟，等.侵蚀性降雨对黑土坡耕地土壤侵蚀特征的影响[J].水土保持学报，2024,38(2):47-56.DING Guihui,REN Zhongzheng,HU Wei,et al.Effects of erosive rainfall on soil erosion characteristics of black sloping farmland[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2024,38(2):47-56.
• [26] 郑金德，潘焰菲，徐勤学，等.桂西北喀斯特区石灰土与红壤坡地幼龄橘园降雨侵蚀特征[J].水土保持学报，2023,37(6):11-17.ZHENG Jinde,PAN Yanfei,XU Qinxue,et al.Rainfall erosion characteristics of young citrus orchards on calcareous soil and red soil slopes in karst areas of northwest Guangxi[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2023,37(6):11-17.
• [27] 潘菊梅.降雨强度和坡度对裸露黄土坡面侵蚀的影响分析[J].水利科学与寒区工程，2024,7(11):97-100.PAN J M.Analysis of the influence of rainfall intensity and slope on erosion of exposed loess slopes[J].Hydro Science and Cold Zone Engineering,2024,7(11):97-100.
• [28] 赵娅如，曹雲翔，杨成参，等.人工降雨条件下高速公路植被边坡模型水文效应测试[J].草业学报，2024,33(3):24-33.ZHAO Yaru,CAO Yunxiang,YANG Chengcan,et al.Hydrological effects of highway vegetation slope model under artificial rain conditions[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2024,33(3):24-33.
• [29] 黄少平，陈俊毅，肖衡林，等.不同坡度植被边坡降雨入渗和径流侵蚀规律的试验研究[J].岩土力学，2023,44(12):3435-3447.HUANG Shaoping,CHEN Junyi,XIAO Henglin,et al.Test on rules of rainfall infiltration and runoff erosion on vegetated slopes with different gradients[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2023,44(12):3435-3447.
• [30] 李子君，刘家圆，王海军.北方土石山区坡面水土流失特征研究[J].水土保持研究，2024,31(1):1-9.LI Zijun,LIU Jiayuan,WANG Haijun.Study on the characteristics of soil and water loss on the slopes in northern rocky mountain area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2024,31(1):1-9.
• [31] 于洋，姜群鸥，王紫璇，等.基于WEPP模型的工程建设中施工便道边坡水土流失特征：以林芝市巴宜区为例[J].水土保持学报，2023,37(5):31-39.YU Yang,JIANG Qunou,WANG Zixuan,et al.Soil and water loss characteristics of construction service road hillside in engineering construction based on wepp model:Take Bayi District,Nvinachi City as an example[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2023,37(5):31-39.
• [32] 张座雄，刘兴荣，王之君，等.降雨冲刷下黄土堆填边坡土水参数变化规律[J].农业工程学报，2023,39(23):75-84.ZHANG Zuoxiong,LIU Xingrong,WANG Zhijun,et al.Change characteristics of soil and water parameters of loess landfill slopes during rainfall scouring[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2023,39(23):75-84.
• [33] 杨宇琼，戴全厚，李昌兰，等.模拟降雨条件下喀斯特坡耕地氮磷元素地下漏失特征[J].中国水土保持科学，2018,16(3):59-67.YANG Yuqiong,DAI Quanhou,LI Changlan,et al.Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus underground loss in karst slope farmlands under simulated rainfall[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,16(3):59-67.
• [34] 罗凯，罗祺，周成，等.石漠化边坡及其植被板槽的地下渗漏一体化综合观测技术及应用模拟[J].水利水电技术(中英文),2024,55(6):96-105.LUO Kai,LUO Qi,ZHOU Cheng,et al.Integrated comprehensive observation technol-ogy and application simulation on underground leakage of rocky desertification slope and its vegetation plate slot[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2024,55(6):96-105.