段红鑫,孔志岗,叶许春,袁燕萍,刘婷婷,李相虎,张增信

• 1:昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院
• 2:西南大学地理科学学院
• 3:中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所
• 4:河海大学水文水资源学院

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】在全球变化背景下，科学理解流域生态径流变异机制，对优化水资源调控方案和提高抗旱减灾效果至关重要。【方法】基于赣江流域上、中、下游3个水文站1960—2018年时间序列不等的逐日径流量，结合流量过程线计算的生态赤字与生态剩余指标，研究分析了赣江流域的生态径流的变异特征。在此基础上，通过计算标准化降水蒸发系数(SPEI)与生物多样性指数(SI)及其与生态径流指标的拟合关系，探讨了赣江流域生态径流变化的驱动机制和生态响应。【结果】研究显示：(1)赣江流域上、中、下游之间生态适宜流量差异显著，同一站点在不同月份间的生态适宜流量也极为悬殊。(2)从上游到下游生态赤字变异程度逐渐减小，生态剩余略有增大；各站点生态赤字在较低水平上呈现“高-低-高”的年代际波动特征，生态剩余的整体变化规律则相反。(3)生态剩余与SPEI呈正相关关系，而生态赤字与SPEI呈负相关关系；万安水库修建前后，枯水期与丰水期的赣江中下游生态剩余指标有所提升，平水期生态剩余出现下降。(4)SI与河流生态剩余之间以线性正相关关系为主，而SI与河流生态赤字之间表现为指数负相关关系；各站点SI在1985年之前呈现小波动下降趋势，之后波动幅度明显增大。【结论】结果表明：赣江流域近60 a生态径流变化受气候与人类活动影响，气候干湿状况是引起河流生态剩余和生态赤字变化的关键因素，干流水库建设对提升下游河道生态剩余作用明显，河流生物多样性与生态径流变化关系密切。研究结果可为提升赣江流域生态径流变异机制认识、水资源调控措施和水生态建设理论提供科学依据。

关键词(KeyWords)： 生态径流;水文变异;标准化降水蒸发系数;生物多样性指数;赣江流域;水库建设;人类活动

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目“通江湖泊水文变异的复合驱动机制及洪泛湿地生态效应”(42071028)

作者(Author): 段红鑫,孔志岗,叶许春,袁燕萍,刘婷婷,李相虎,张增信

DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2023.12.015

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