燕文昌,刘家宏,梅超,冯杰,杨志勇,付潇然,张东杰

• 1:中国水利水电科学研究院
• 2:北京工业大学城市建设学部

摘要(Abstract)：

2018年台风"温比亚"和2019年台风"利奇马"对我国东部沿海地区造成了广泛影响,给地处山东东北部渤海湾的东营市带来严重的暴雨洪涝灾害,两场台风期间降雨历时分别为22 h和43 h,全市平均降水分别为250.4 mm和342.2 mm,均超过东营市百年一遇暴雨级别,连续两年刷新当地多个雨量站历史极值。针对现有洪涝监测体系仅关注重点断面或区域、无法全面系统地反映洪涝过程,且两场台风暴雨在当地均为现象级、洪涝监测系统难以全程有效监测的问题,为了深入认识和分析台风暴雨极端情景下东营当地洪涝特性,选取SWMM构建东营市暴雨洪水模型,对两场台风暴雨期间的洪涝过程进行模拟再现。结果显示:两场台风暴雨模拟结果的径流演算连续性误差分别为1.076%和0.692%,流量演算连续性误差为-0.135%和-0.004%,模拟结果较合理。结果表明:两场台风暴雨产流量分别为5.7亿m~3和7.6亿m~3,重点河道断面水位涨幅在1.2～2.6 m之间,未发生溢流现象;中心城区典型易涝点分别有35处和38处产生积水,管网平均满管率为87.4%和97.5%。两场台风期间,河道水位处于安全状态,表明河道行洪调蓄能力较好;管网节点多处产生溢流积水、管道满管率较高,说明管网排水能力有限不足以应对高强度台风暴雨。为应对未来台风暴雨,应保持对河道的疏浚维护,进一步加强中心城区的防涝排涝能力。

关键词(KeyWords)： 台风暴雨;洪涝模拟;SWMM;台风“温比亚”;台风“利奇马”;径流;洪水

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(51739011,51979285);; 流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室团队课题(SKL2020ZY03)

作者(Author): 燕文昌,刘家宏,梅超,冯杰,杨志勇,付潇然,张东杰

DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2021.10.002

参考文献(References)：

• [1] 胡伟贤，何文华，黄国如，等.城市雨洪模拟技术研究进展[J].水科学进展，2010,21(1):137-144.HU Weixian,HE Wenhua,HUANG Guoru,et al.Review of urban storm water simulation techniques[J].Aavances in Water Science,2010,21(1):137-144.
• [2] 臧文斌，赵雪，李敏，等.城市洪涝模拟技术研究进展及发展趋势[J].中国防汛抗旱，2020,30(11):1-13.ZANG Wenbin,ZHAO Xue,LI Min,et al.Research progress and development trend of urban flood simulation technology[J].China Flood & Drought Management,2020,30(11):1-13.
• [3] 贺芳芳，胡恒智，董广涛，等.上海中心城区复合洪涝淹没模拟及未来重现预估[J].灾害学，2020,35(4):93-98.HE Fangfang,HU Hengzhi,DONG Guangtao,et al.Compound flooding simulation and prediction of future recurrence in Shanghai downtown area[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2020,35(4):93-98.
• [4] 徐帅帅，王雅莉，陈淑芬，等.基于分布式水文模型的“尼伯特”台风暴雨洪水反演[J].南水北调与水利科技，2019,17(2):132-139.XU Shuaishuai,WANG Yali,CHEN Shufen,et al.Characterization and simulation of ‘Niebert’ typhoon rain and flood in Meixi River basin[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology,2019,17(2):132-139.
• [5] 林芷欣，陈兴伟.福州中心城区内涝现状及其模拟[J].海南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015(4):438-442.LIN Zhixin,CHEN Xingwei.Current situation of waterlogging and its simulation in urban area of Fuzhou[J].Journal of Hainan Normal University (Natural Science),2015 (4):438-442.
• [6] 黄国如，罗海婉，陈文杰，等.广州东濠涌流域城市洪涝灾害情景模拟与风险评估[J].水科学进展，2019,30(5):643-652.HUANG Guoru,LUO Haiwan,CHEN Wenjie,et al.Scenario simulation and risk assessment of urban flood in Donghaochong basin,Guangzhou[J].Advances in Water Science,2019,30(5):643-652.
• [7] 莫伟丽，邵卫云.杭州复兴区块道路积水成因及改造措施探讨[J].中国给水排水，2012,28(16):26-29.MO Weili,SHAO Weiyun.Discussion on reasons for inundation of roads in Fuxing District and reconstruction measures[J].China Water & Wastewater,2012,28(16):26-29.
• [8] 吴馨怡.沿海城市内涝防治改造措施模拟研究[D].北京：北京工业大学，2018.WU Xinyi.Simulation of measures to prevent and control flooding in coastal cities[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2018.
• [9] 孙劭，黄大鹏，张颖娴.2018年夏季登陆中国台风的主要特点及影响评估[J].中国减灾，2018(19):14-17.SUN Shao,HAUNG Dapeng,ZHANG Yingxian.Assessment of the main features and impacts of typhoons that made landfall in China in the summer of 2018[J].Disaster Reduction in China,2018(19):14-17.
• [10] 中华人民共和国应急管理部救灾和物资保障司.应急管理部发布2019年8月全国自然灾害基本情况[EB/OL].(2019-09-04)[2020-12-10].http://www.mem.gov.cn/xw/bndt/201909/t20190904_336230.shtml.Department of disaster relief and material support,Ministry of emergency management of The People′s Republic of China.The ministry of emergency management issued the basic situation of national natural disasters in August 2019[EB/OL].(2019-09-04) [2020-12-10].http://www.mem.gov.cn/xw/bndt/201909/t20190904_336230.shtml.
• [11] 东营市统计局.东营统计年鉴2020[EB/OL].(2020-11-17)[2020-12-10].http://dystjj.dongying.gov.cn/art/2020/11/17/art_36583_10024452.html.Dongying statistics department.Dongying Statistical Yearbook 2020[EB/OL].(2020-11-17) [2020-12-10].http://dystjj.dongying.gov.cn/art/2020/11/17/art_36583_10024452.html.
• [12] 胡彩虹，李东，李析男，等.基于SWMM模型的贵安新区暴雨径流过程模拟[J].人民黄河，2020,42(5):8-12.HU Caihong,LI Dong,LI Xi’nan,et al.Simulation of rainstorm runoff process in Guian New District based on SWMM model[J].Yellow River,2020,42(5):8-12.
• [13] 刘俊，郭亮辉，张建涛，等.基于SWMM模拟上海市区排水及地面淹水过程[J].中国给水排水，2006(21):64-66.LIU Jun,GUO Lianghui,ZHANG Jiantao,et al.Study on simulation of drainage and flooding in urban areas of Shanghai based on improved SWMM[J].China Water & Wastewater,2006(21):64-66.
• [14] 徐冰，雷晓辉，王昊，等.基于SWMM模型的沿海城市内涝模拟研究[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报，2019,17(3):211-218.XU Bing,LEI Xiaohui,WANG Hao,et al.Research on urban flooding simulation in a coastal city based on SWMM model[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2019,17(3):211-218.
• [15] 黄国如，黄维，张灵敏，等.基于GIS和SWMM模型的城市暴雨积水模拟[J].水资源与水工程学报，2015,26(4):1-6.HUANG Guoru,HUANG Wei,ZHANG Lingmin,et al.Simulation of rainstorm waterlogging in urban areas based on GIS and SWMM model[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2015,26(4):1-6.
• [16] 赵冬泉，陈吉宁，佟庆远，等.基于GIS构建SWMM城市排水管网模型[J].中国给水排水，2008(7):88-91.ZHAO Dongquan,CHEN Jining,TONG Qingyuan,et al.Construction of SWMM urban drainage network model based on GIS[J].China Water & Wastewater,2008(7):88-91.
• [17] 梅超，刘家宏，王浩，等.基于GIS的城市一维水动力模拟基础数据拓扑关系构建和编码方法：中国，2019101702061[P].2019-06-18.MEI Chao,LIU Jiahong,WANG Hao,et al.GIS-based urban one-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation of basic data topology relationship construction and coding methods:China,2019101702061[P].2019-06-18.
• [18] 赵冬泉，陈吉宁，佟庆远，等.子汇水区的划分对SWMM模拟结果的影响研究[J].环境保护，2008(8):56-59.ZHAO Dongquan,CHEN Jining,TONG Qingyuan,et al.The effect of the division of sub-sink water area on the simulation results of SWMM[J].Environmental Protection,2008(8):56-59.
• [19] 梅超，刘家宏，王浩，等.一种SWMM模型子汇水区出口自动搜寻方法：中国，2018100882753[P].2018-09-04.MEI Chao,LIU Jiahong,WANG Hao,et al.An automatic search method for the exit of the sub-sink area of the SWMM:China,2018100882753[P].2018-09-04.
• [20] 梅超，刘家宏，王浩，等.SWMM原理解析与应用展望[J].水利水电技术，2017,48(5):33-42.MEI Chao,LIU Jiahong,WANG Hao,et al.Introduction of basic principle and application prospect for SWMM[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2017,48(5):33-42.
• [21] 付潇然，王东，栾清华，等.大尺度无管流数据城区SWMM构建及模拟：Ⅱ.模型参数校验及暴雨径流模拟分析[J].水科学进展，2020,31(1):51-60.FU Xiaoran,WANG Dong,LUAN Qinghua,et al.SWMM-based rainfall-runoff simulations in large-scale urban area with no pipeline-flow observations:Ⅱ:model calibration and analysis of rainfall-runoff simulations[J].Advances in Water Science,2020,31(1):51-60.
• [22] 周毅，余明辉，陈永祥.SWMM子汇水区域宽度参数的估算方法介绍[J].中国给水排水，2014,30(22):61-64.ZHOU Yi,YU Minghui,CHEN Yongxiang.Estimation of sub-catchment width in SWMM[J].China Water & Wastewater,2014,30(22):61-64.
• [23] 张倩，苏保林，袁军营.城市居民小区SWMM降雨径流过程模拟：以营口市贵都花园小区为例[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,48(3):276-281.ZHANG Qian,SU Baolin,YUAN Junying.Simulating rainfall-runoff in urban residential area based on SWMM[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science),2012,48(3):276-281.
• [24] 陈晓燕，张娜，吴芳芳，等.雨洪管理模型SWMM的原理、参数和应用[J].中国给水排水，2013,29(4):4-7.CHEN Xiaoyan,ZHANG Na,WU Fangfang,et al.Stormwater management model (SWMM):principles,parameters and applications[J].China Water & Wastewater,2013,29(4):4-7.