吕洁,魏加华,李琼,刘家慧,李宗礼

• 1:水利部水利水电规划设计总院
• 2:清华大学水圈科学与水利工程全国重点实验室/水利水电工程系
• 3:青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室/土木水利学院

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】达里诺尔流域位于赤峰市克什克腾旗西部，是北方防沙带—浑善达克沙漠国家重点功能生态区的重要组成部分。达里诺尔是内蒙古第四大湖泊。近50年来，达里诺尔流域出现草场退化、湖泊水体萎缩及水质恶化等一系列问题。【方法】利用流域气象数据、水文监测及用水数据、光学遥感数据以及气象再分析数据集等，开展达里诺尔面积和水位变化的调查及归因分析。综合流域用水数据及流域空中水资源调查等研究，提出解决达里诺尔退化的对策及措施。【结果】结果表明，自21世纪以来湖泊水面面积持续萎缩了约40 km~2,湖面高程下降了约3 m,水量从2000年前的约17亿m~3降至11亿m~3。湖面萎缩引发湖泊水质持续恶化，水质呈现为V类，COD、NH_4~+-N、TN、TP均超标。流域气象要素变化的分析显示，流域年平均气温为2.61℃,气温呈现波动上升的趋势，增加率为0.43℃/10 a;多年平均降水为281.97 mm,呈现微弱的下降趋势，趋势变化不显著；多年平均蒸散发量为1 037 mm,水面实际蒸散发量呈增加趋势；可见，流域气温呈现明显的增加趋势，降水变化不大，水面蒸散发呈增加趋势。【结论】流域生产生活用水占水资源总量的比例不足1%,人类活动对于湖泊萎缩的影响较小。达里诺尔萎缩主要由气候因素导致，气温升高和水面蒸发是湖面萎缩的重要因素。通过评价可知，达里诺尔流域空中水资源具有较大的开发潜力。在节水潜力有限以及跨流域调水可行性较低的情况下，积极利用空中水资源和提高流域水源涵养能力是创新性解决达里诺尔退化及其流域相关的生态环境问题的有效方式。

关键词(KeyWords)： 水文;生态;空中水资源;人工增雨;水源涵养;达里诺尔;气候变化;水质

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3206705)

作者(Author): 吕洁,魏加华,李琼,刘家慧,李宗礼

DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2024.12.004

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