马玉晨,张法星,喻泽,郭帆,孙宇佳

• 1:四川大学山区河流保护与治理全国重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】窄河谷高拱坝常采用表孔宽尾收缩射流技术以实现高拱坝表深孔无碰撞泄洪消能。宽尾墩收缩比过大时，水舌纵向拉伸不充分，会导致入水集中加剧下游冲刷；收缩比过小时，流道内发生壅水，可能降低表孔泄流能力同时会恶化挑流水舌流态。找到壅水发生的收缩比临界值可为宽尾墩体型设计提供依据。【方法】采用水工模型试验和三维数值模拟计算相结合的方法，研究了宽尾墩收缩比、始折点、收缩段长、堰面俯角和堰顶水头对流态的影响。【结果】结果表明：在其他参数相同仅改变收缩比的条件下，随着宽尾墩收缩比的缩小，存在一个临界收缩比，当收缩比小于临界收缩比时，表孔内出现壅水流态；基于360多种计算体型工况试验，得到了48组临界收缩比试验数据。【结论】给出了临界收缩比与堰顶水头、堰面曲线定型设计水头、堰顶与闸墩始折点高差、收缩段长和堰面俯角的定量关系式，经验证该公式具有较高精度，可为高拱坝表孔宽尾墩体型设计提供参考。

关键词(KeyWords)： 表孔;宽尾墩;模型试验;数值模拟;堰顶水头;收缩比

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(52192673)

作者(Author): 马玉晨,张法星,喻泽,郭帆,孙宇佳

DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2025.01.014

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