翟俨伟,刘志武,李健薄

• 1:中国长江三峡集团有限公司
• 2:四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室
• 3:河海大学水资源高效利用与工程安全国家工程研究中心

摘要(Abstract)：

抗空蚀材料的应用极大提高了泄水建筑物的过流性能和使用寿命，是减轻空蚀破坏最有效途径之一。针对目前关于弹性材料抗空蚀特性的机理研究尚有欠缺的问题，为了研究弹性材料如何减免空蚀破坏并探索潜在的弹性抗空蚀材料，着眼于细观层面的空化泡和弹性材料相互作用，通过低压直流放电诱发空化泡试验，研究了拉伸弹性模量范围和压缩弹性模量范围分别为0.3～9.7 MPa、0.4～7.5 MPa的弹性边界附近空化泡迁移和周期特性。结果表明：(1)弹性边界表面会随着空化泡收缩出现不同程度的隆起变形，从而弱化了空化泡的趋壁效应，并且空化泡伴随有一定程度的迁移运动。通过定量分析不同弹性边界附近空化泡的迁移量随时间变化过程，发现空化泡迁移过程主要体现在收缩-二次膨胀期间。当空化泡与弹性边界的间距一定时，随着边界材料弹性模量的降低，空化泡的迁移量和迁移速度下降。进一步建立了无量纲最大迁移距离和无量纲拉伸弹性模量的关系式，可以预测空化泡在特定弹性模量的弹性边界附近的迁移特性。(2)弹性边界可以显著影响空化泡的收缩周期，不同弹性边界条件下，空化泡收缩阶段标准化周期有不同程度的延长。对于特定弹性模量的弹性边界，大部分空化泡的标准化周期随无量纲距离的增大而减小。弹性边界的存在会减弱空化泡溃灭强度，在泄水建筑物边壁运用弹性材料可能会有利于减免空蚀破坏。研究结论可为减免空蚀破坏的应对措施提供一定的理论支持。

关键词(KeyWords)： 空化泡;弹性边界;迁移;周期;试验研究;水力特性;水电站;影响因素

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(52109081)

作者(Author): 翟俨伟,刘志武,李健薄

DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2022.03.010

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