刘志文,申幸志,钱湛,姜恒,李峰,曾静,耿明明,田恬

• 1:湖南省洞庭湖防洪及水资源保障工程技术研究中心湖南省水利水电勘测设计规划研究总院有限公司
• 2:中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室洞庭湖湿地生态系统观测研究站
• 3:湖南农业大学环境与生态学院

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】极端气候变化加剧了通江湖泊水文情势的波动性，亟需从流域视角探究流域干旱情势对通江湖泊水文环境的影响。【方法】以我国典型通江湖泊洞庭湖及洞庭湖流域为研究对象，选取2010—2020年及2022年极端干旱情景下洞庭湖流域5个代表性气象水文站的降水量、温度、水位等数据，结合水文趋势分析、标准化降水指数(SPI)和回归分析等方法，对洞庭湖流域和湖泊的气象水文演变特征、干旱情势以及湖泊水位与流域干旱情势的响应关系进行了全面分析。【结果】结果表明，研究期间洞庭湖流域降水量呈小幅上升趋势，流域温度变化趋势不显著，但澧水流域温度总体较低，变化范围16.07～17.41℃。洞庭湖水位总体呈波动上升趋势，变化在23.63～25.81 m。洞庭湖流域SPI指数变化在-0.86～0.31,正常和轻旱年份占比分别为91%和9%。流域年内干旱情势总体呈先升后降变化趋势，正常和湿润等级频率分别变化在0.18%～0.64%和0.18%～0.36%。洞庭湖水位与流域降水和径流量呈显著正相关，与温度呈显著负相关。2022年洞庭湖水位呈先升后降变化趋势，6月达到年内水位最高值(30.45 m)后骤降。2022年1—6月洞庭湖流域干旱情势总体处于湿润和正常等级，后降至中旱和重旱等级。【结论】洞庭湖流域年际干旱情况多为正常年份，其余为轻旱年份。与多年月均水位相比，2022年极端干旱情景下洞庭湖水位峰值由往年7月提前至6月，随后水位骤降。此外，4月、5月、7月洞庭湖水位与流域SPI指数显著相关，反映了当前月份湖泊水位对流域干旱情势的深度响应，刻画了流域降水异常引起的洞庭湖“夏旱”特征。以上结果可为水文及农业部门应对气象灾害、实施农业生产保护措施等提供科学参考。

关键词(KeyWords)： 洞庭湖流域;干旱;降雨;水位;驱动机制

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFC3204103);; 湖南省水利水电勘测设计规划研究总院有限公司,湖南省洞庭湖防洪及水资源保障工程技术研究中心开放课题(HHPDI-KFKT-202302);; 湖南省-国家自然科学基金委区域创新发展联合基金(U19A2051);; 湖南省杰出青年基金项目(2022JJ10055);; 湖南省重大水利科技项目(XSKJ2021000-03,XSKJ2022068-40);; 水利部重大科技项目(SKS-2022079);; 中国地质调查局长沙自然资源综合调查中心地质调查项目(DD20230506);; 湖南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(2023JJ40645)

作者(Author): 刘志文,申幸志,钱湛,姜恒,李峰,曾静,耿明明,田恬

DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2024.05.006

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