周炳昊,孙钱程,徐平,徐晓

• 1:湖北长江三峡滑坡国家野外科学观测研究站

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】边坡岩体经历复杂的应力路径与受力模式，考虑岩体实际受力环境开展相应的力学试验，进而获取岩体力学参数，对边坡稳定性分析及安全评估具有重要意义。【方法】以红砂岩为例，通过室内试验研究其在不同应力路径和剪切模式下的力学参数特征和破坏响应，其中应力路径包括轴向压缩和轴向剪切，而剪切模式包括常规切向加载剪切和法向卸荷剪切，分析内容包括岩石的破坏模式、剪切力学参数和细观机理。【结果】结果显示：(1)不同应力路径下，岩石破坏模式有明显差异，主要表现在试样的贯通裂纹与端面或剪切面的夹角、主裂纹的偏差和岩块的脱落；(2)不同应力路径下，岩石的剪切力学参数也有明显差异，主要表现在黏聚力和内摩擦角的变化规律；(3)数值模拟结果显示，不同应力路径下，岩石的细观机理存在差异性，主要是由于骨架颗粒和充填胶结物质的作用。【结论】揭示了不同应力路径对岩石剪切力学参数及破坏响应的影响，可为边坡岩体的力学特性和稳定性评价提供参考。

关键词(KeyWords)： 砂岩;剪切特性;三轴压缩;切向加载;法向卸荷;细观机理;影响因素;模型试验

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金(51909136);; 防灾减灾湖北省重点实验室(三峡大学)开放基金(2022KJZ15)

作者(Author): 周炳昊,孙钱程,徐平,徐晓

DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2024.11.015

参考文献(References)：

• [1] 黄润秋.岩石高边坡发育的动力过程及其稳定性控制[J].岩石力学与工程学报，2008,201(8):1525-1544.HUANG Runqiu.Dynamic process and stability control of high rock slope development[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,201(8):1525-1544.
• [2] 杨帆.云南某露天矿采场边坡岩体力学参数确定及稳定性研究[D].昆明：昆明理工大学，2009.YANG Fan.Study on mechanical parameters and stability of rock slope in an open pit mine in Yunnan Province[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2009.
• [3] 杨天鸿，张锋春，于庆磊，等.露天矿高陡边坡稳定性研究现状及发展趋势[J].岩土力学，2011,32(5):1437-1451.YANG Tianhong,ZHANG Fengchun,YU Qinglei,et al.Research status and development trend of high and steep slope stability in open pit mine[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(5):1437-1451.
• [4] 冯锦艳，王金安，蔡美峰.露天高陡边坡角优化设计及稳定性分析[J].中国矿业，2005(4):45-48.FENG Jinyan,WANG Jinan,CAI Meifeng.Angle optimization design and stability analysis of open-air high and steep slope[J].China′s Mining Industry,2005(4):45-48.
• [5] 谭虎.砂岩剪切破坏特性及其断裂面形貌特征试验研究[D].重庆：重庆大学，2016.TAN Hu.Experimental study on shear failure characteristics and fracture surface topography of sandstone[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2016.
• [6] BARTON N,CHOUBEY V.The shear strength of rock joints in theory and practice[J].Rock mechanics,1977,10(1):1-54.
• [7] BARTON N,BANDIS S.Effect of block size on the shear behavior of jointed rocks[R].American:American Rock Mechanics Association,1982.
• [8] 张晨阳，谌民，胡明鉴，等.细颗粒组分含量对钙质砂抗剪强度的影响[J].岩土力学，2019,40(增刊1):195-202.ZHANG Chenyang,CHEN Min,HU Mingjian,et al.Effect of fine particle composition content on shear strength of calcareous sand[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2019,40(S1):195-202.
• [9] 时旭阳，才庆祥，李兆霖，等.露天矿边坡岩石剪切力学特性与破裂特征研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报，2021,38(2):334-342.SHI Xuyang,CAI Qingxiang,LI Zhaolin,et al.Study on rock shear mechanical properties and fracture characteristics of open-pit slope[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2021,38(2):334-342.
• [10] 衡帅，杨春和，曾义金，等.基于直剪试验的页岩强度各向异性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报，2014,33(5):874-883.HENG Shuai,YANG Chunhe,ZENG Yijin,et al.Anisotropy of shale strength based on direct shear test[J].Chinese Journal of rock Mechanic and Engineering,2014,33(5):874-883.
• [11] 周秋景，李同春，宫必宁.循环荷载作用下脆性材料剪切性能试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报，2007,26(3):573-579.ZHOU Qiujing,LI Tongchun,GONG Bining.Experimental study on shear properties of brittle materials under cyclic loading[J].Chinese Journal of rock Mechanic and Engineering,2007,26(3):573-579.
• [12] 任明辉.土石混合体剪切强度的尺寸效应研究[D].徐州：中国矿业大学，2019.REN Minghui.Study on size effect of shear strength of soil-rock mixture[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2019.
• [13] 周杰，周国庆，赵光思，等.高应力下剪切速率对砂土抗剪强度影响研究[J].岩土力学，2010,31(9):2805-2810.ZHOU Jie,ZHOU Guoqing,ZHAO Guangsi,et al.Study on the influence of shear rate on the shear strength of sand under high stress[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(9):2805-2810.
• [14] 许江，刘婧，吴慧，等.压剪应力条件下砂岩开裂扩展过程的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报，2013,32(增刊2):3042-3048.XU Jiang,LIU Jing,WU Hui,et al.Experimental study on crack propagation process of sandstone under compressive shear stress[J].Chinese Journal of rock Mechanic and Engineering,2013,32(S2):3042-3048.
• [15] 焦雪峰，张文杰，康天合.岩石剪切带形成与发展细观模拟及破坏机制研究[J].煤炭工程，2012(2):104-107.JIAO Xuefeng,ZHANG Wenjie,KANG Tianhe.Mesoscopic simulation of rock shear zone formation and development and study on failure mechanism[J].Coal Engineering,2012(2):104-107.
• [16] LI J L,WANG L H,WANG X X,et al.Research on unloading nonlinear mechanical characteristics of jointed rock masses[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,2(4):357–364.
• [17] DENG Naifu,QIAO Lan,LI Qingwen,et al.Study on crack evolutional behavior of rocks in triaxial compression based on colony growth dynamics model[J].Scientific Reports,2022,12(1):18459.
• [18] PANAGHI K,TAKEMURA T,ASAHINA D,et al.Effects of stress path on brittle failure of sandstone:Difference in crack growth between tri-axial compression and extension conditions[J].Tectonophysics,2021,810(5):228865.
• [19] ZEMTSOVSKY A V,KUZNETSOV N N,PAK A K.Physical properties and fracture behavior of rocksin uniaxial and triaxial compression:A case-study of Zhdanovskoe deposit,Kola Mining and Metallurgical Company[J].IOP Conference Series:Earth and EnvironmentalScience,2021,773(1):012058.
• [20] ZHOU X P,PENG S L,ZHANG J Z,et al.Failure characteristics of coarse and fine sandstone containing two parallel fissures subjected to true triaxial stresses[J].Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics,2021,112(1):102932.
• [21] REN Heng,ZHU Yongjian,WANG Ping,et al.Experimental study on mechanical characteristics of unloaded damaged white sandstone before peak[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2020,13(17):102932.
• [22] 刘跃东，康红普.加卸载路径下含水泥岩力学行为和破坏形态研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报，2022,39(5):1011-1020.LIU Yuedong,KANG Hongpu.Study on mechanical behavior and failure patterns of water-bearing mudstone in loading and unloading path[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2022,39(5):1011-1020.
• [23] 张风达，张玉军，于秋鸽.不同加卸载路径下岩石卸荷劣化特征及机制研究[J].煤炭科学技术，2022,50(12):117-127.ZHANG Fengda,ZHANG Yujun,YU Qiuge.Study on the degradation characteristics and mechanism of rock unloading under different loading and unloading paths[J].Coal Science and Technology,2022,50(12):117-127.
• [24] 王乐华，牛草原，张冰祎，等.不同应力路径下深埋软岩力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报，2019,38(5):973-981.WANG Lehuang,NIU Caoyuan,ZHANG Bingyi,et al.Experimental study on mechanical properties of deep-buried soft rock under different stress paths[J].Chinese Journal of rock Mechanic and Engineering,2019,38(5):973-981.
• [25] 姜玥，周辉，卢景景，等.不同应力路径下灰砂岩力学特性与强度参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报，2019,38(4):815-824.JIANG Yue,ZHOU Hui,LU Jingjing,et al.Study on mechanical properties and strength parameters of gray sandstone under different stress paths[J].Chinese Journal of rock Mechanic and Engineering,2019,38(4):815-824.
• [26] 刘婕，张黎明，丛宇，等.真三轴应力路径花岗岩卸荷破坏力学特性研究[J].岩土力学，2021,42(8):2069-2077.LIU Jie,ZHANG Liming,CONG Yu,et al.Study on mechanical properties of granite unloading failure under true triaxial stress path[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2021,42(8):2069-2077.
• [27] RAMSEY J M,CHESTER F M.Hybrid fracture and the transition from extension fracture to shear fracture [J].Nature,2004,428(6978):63.
• [28] FERRILL D A,MCGINNIS R N,MORRIS A P,et al.Hybrid failure:Field evidence and influence on fault refraction [J].Journal of Structural Geology,2012,42(SEP.):140-150.
• [29] LIU Y,JIANG X,YIN G,et al.Development of a new direct shear testing device for investigating rock failure [J].Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering,2016,50(3):1-5.
• [30] HUANG R Q,HUANG D.Evolution of rock cracks under unloading condition[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2014,47(2):453-466.
• [31] HUANG R Q,WANG X N,CHAN L S.Triaxial unloading test of rocks and its implication for rock burst[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2001,60(1):37-41.
• [32] 宋小艳，徐红，齐莹，等.水电行业岩土计量标准在国际工程中的应用研究[J].水利发展研究，2019,19(11):55-59.SONG Xiaoyan,XU Hong,QI Ying,et al.Research on the application of geotechnical measurement standards in international engineering for hydropower industry[J].Water Resources Development Research,2019,19 (11):55-59.
• [33] 吴再海，宋朝阳，谭杰，等.不同分级循环加卸载模式下岩石能量演化规律研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报，2020,37(4):836-844.WU Zaihai,SONG Chaoyang,TAN Jie,et al.Study on rock energy evolution under different classification cyclic loading and unloading modes[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2020,37(4):836-844.
• [34] 刘玉冰，王恩元，赵栋，等.不同真三轴应力路径下钻孔煤体的力学特性及气体流动规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报，2023,42(8):1878-1889.LIU Yubing,WANG Enyuan,ZHAO Dong,et al.Mechanical properties and gas flow of borehole coal under different true triaxial stress paths[J].Chinese Journal of rock Mechanic and Engineering,2023,42(8):1878-1889.
• [35] 石崇，张强，王盛年.颗粒流(PFC5.0)数值模拟技术及应用[J].岩土力学，2018,39(增刊2):36.SHI Chong,ZHANG Qiang,WANG Shengnian.Numerical simulation of particle flow (PFC5.0) and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(S2):36.
• [36] 孙其诚.颗粒物质力学导论[M].北京：科学出版社，2009.SUN Qicheng.Introduction to the mechanics of particulate matter[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.