李最森,王飞,史永忠,丁赟

• 1:浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院)
• 2:浙江省防灾减灾重点实验室
• 3:江苏省太湖水利规划设计研究院有限公司
• 4:河海大学水利水电学院

摘要(Abstract)：

为了应对可能出现的海啸洪水对于核电厂的安全级蓄电池、应急柴油发电机组及应急配电装置的破坏,本文通过数值模拟研究核电厂厂区洪水演进过程及其影响。首先,确定"防洪设计基准潮位"及"超设计海啸洪水参数",作为数值模拟的计算依据。其次,构建平面二维海啸洪水数学模型,模型计算采用基于无结构网格的有限体积法,以应对海啸洪水及核电厂区地形复杂等特点。再次,按设计基准洪水位与可能的超设计海啸洪水组合形成数学模型超设计洪水计算方案,开展不同极端工况下核电厂区的洪水演进情况及其对厂区重要建筑影响的数值模拟。海啸参数研究结果表明,该核电厂址可能最大海啸增水为1.16 m,最大风暴潮增水为5.30 m,海啸模拟中超设计基准海啸采用2.71 m和5.28 m两种代表波高组合。数值模拟结果进一步表明,当考虑最高天文潮位与可能的海啸增水与可能的风暴潮增水组合工况时,各方案海啸洪水最大波高高于厂址防洪水位7.20 m,海啸洪水可能威胁核电站厂区防洪安全;在海啸洪水淹没厂区过程中,不同方案海啸洪水进入厂区至整个厂区淹没所需时间长短相差不大,约144～169 s;当洪水流至核岛厂房附近时,厂房周围流速伴随着海啸洪水涨、退水过程震荡变化,水流呈往复流变化,参考点流速最大值在1.4～5.0 m/s之间;海啸洪水淹没厂区后,各测点最大波高相差小于0.20 m。

关键词(KeyWords)： 核电安全;海啸模拟;洪水模拟;洪水演进;流场

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金面上项目(41876095,51609214,52078461);; 国家重点研发计划项目(20HYFC0402503);; 浙江省交通运输厅和技计划项目(2021064)

作者(Author): 李最森,王飞,史永忠,丁赟

DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2021.06.012

参考文献(References)：

• [1] 景惠敏，张怀，吴忠良，等.2011年3月11日日本地震海啸数值模拟[J].科学通报，2012,57(24):2304-2309.JING H M,ZHANG H,WU Z L,et al.Numerical simulation of March 11,2011 Honshu,Japan Tsunami [J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2012,57(24):2304-2309.
• [2] Fukushima Nuclear Power Stations.Nuclear emergency response headquarters government of Japan [R].Fukushima Nuclear Power Stations:Additional Report of the Japanese Government to IAEA,2011.
• [3] 国家海洋环境预报中心.广东岭澳核电站地震海啸分析和计算工作报告[R].北京：国家海洋环境预报中心，1995.National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center.Report on analysis and calculation of earthquake tsunami for Lingao Nuclear Power Station in Guangdong Province [R].Beijing:National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center,1995.
• [4] TINTI S,PAGNONI G,ZANIBONI F.The landslides and tsunamis of the 30th of December 2002 in Stromboli analysed through numerical simulations [J].Bulletin of Volcanology,2006,68(5):462-479.
• [5] YAVARI R S,ATAIE A B.Numerical simulation of subaerial and submarine landslide generated tsunami waves—Recent advances and future challenges [J].Landslides,2016,13(6):1325-1368.
• [6] SHI F,KIRBY J T,HARRIS J C,et al.A high-order adaptive time-stepping TVD solver for Boussinesq modeling of breaking waves and coastal inundation [J].Ocean Modelling,2012,43:36-51.
• [7] TINTI S,CHIOCCI F L,ZANIBONI F.et al.Numerical simulation of the tsunami generated by a past catastrophic landslide on the volcanic island of Ischia,Italy [J].Marine Geophysical Research,2011,32(1-2):287-297.
• [8] MA G,KIRBY J T,SHI F.Numerical simulation of tsunami waves generated by deformable submarine landslides [J].Ocean Modelling,2013,69:146-165.
• [9] CHEN Q.Fully nonlinear Boussinesq-type equations for waves and currents over porous beds [J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2006,132(2):220-230.
• [10] WEI G,KIRBY J T,GRILLI S T,et al.A fullynonlinear Boussinesq model for free surface waves.Part I:Highly nonlinear unsteady waves [J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1995,294:71-92.
• [11] 温瑞智，任叶飞.越洋海啸的数值模拟[J].地震工程与工程振动，2008,28(4):28-34.WEN Ruizhi,REN Yefei.Preliminary study on numerical simulation of transoceanic tsunami [J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,28(4):28-34.
• [12] KERVELLA Y,DUTYKH D,DIAS F.Comparison between three-dimensional linear and nonlinear tsunami generation models [J].Theor Comput Fluid Dyn,2007,21:245-269.
• [13] SAITO T,FURUMURA T.Three-dimensional simulation of tsunami generation and propagation:Application to intraplate events [J].J GeophysRes,2009,114:B02307.
• [14] 褚芹芹.印尼海啸过程数值模拟研究及其风险评估[D].青岛：中国海洋大学，2011.CHU Qinqin.The numerical simulation study of Indonesia Tsunami and its hazard Assessment [D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,Master′s dissertation,2011.
• [15] 倪浩清.工程湍流模式理论综述及展望[J].力学进展，1996(2):145-160.NI Haoqing.Current Status and development trends of turbulent modelling [J].Advances in Mechanics,1996(2):145-160+1.
• [16] SEMION S,ALEXEI C,STEVEN A.Orszag et al.Large eddy simulation of two-dimensional isotropic turbulence [J].Journal of Scientific Computing,1996,11(1):13-45.
• [17] SHUTO N.Numerical simulation of tsunamis-Its present and near future [J].Natural Hazards,1991(4):171-191.
• [18] WEISS R,WUNNEMANN K,BAHLBURG H.Numerical modeling of generation,propagation and run-up of tsunamis caused by oceanic impacts:Model strategy and technical solutions [J].Geophysical Journal International,2006(167):77-88.