张红武,李琳琪,彭昊,侯琳

• 1:清华大学黄河研究中心
• 2:中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所

摘要(Abstract)：

在深入实地开展走访调查和问题研究的基础上,就黄河流域水沙调控与防洪相关问题,提出政策建议。由于现行涉水规划依据的水沙条件和洪水设计成果同实际存在一定差距,需要根据新的边界变化确定符合实际的水沙条件,及时修正洪水设计成果及防洪调度指令等,避免编制黄河防御洪水方案或水沙调控方案时,将整个滩区划为行洪、滞洪、沉沙区,并将北金堤与东平湖滞洪区纳入滞洪区。科学治水方略应提倡"上拦下排、槽滩共治",前者体现了1946年以来共产党领导的人民治黄的成功经验,后者强调了河道与滩区必须共同治理。应重视和支持黄河开展重点研发工作,进一步研究能够直接促进黄河治理保护和高质量发展战略实施效果的重大或关键性科技问题,如"三门峡工程辅助小浪底水库防洪运用方式研究",能在来沙大为减少条件下,将水库运用方式调整提升,在秋汛与稀遇洪水来临时,通过三门峡水库限规模短期滞洪,与小浪底水库联合调度进一步控制黄河洪水,降低小浪底大坝和下游防洪安全风险,为下游人民生命财产和高质量发展提供减灾保障;再如"下游窄河段河道工程优化布局对过洪输沙能力提升研究",可利用钢结构异型板桩技术实现局部扩宽与改造,扩大窄河段过洪能力,在明显改善黄河下游防洪体系运行状况的同时,确保窄河段"束水攻沙"效果。

关键词(KeyWords)： 黄河;治理;保护;水沙调控;防洪;高质量发展

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402500)

作者(Author): 张红武,李琳琪,彭昊,侯琳

DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2021.12.006

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