熊珅,陆雍容,张晶晶

• 1:上海勘测设计研究院有限公司

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】高速水流作用产生的紊动水流容易引起闸墩等水工建筑物流激振动问题,当结构振动剧烈或引起结构共振时,会严重威胁工程的运行安全,甚至造成结构破坏。以某水电站溢洪道为例,研究在高速水流作用下某水电站闸墩的振动特性,分析影响闸墩振动因素,给工程安全运行提供安全保障。【方法】通过现场试验中逐步开启左右闸门形成单孔、双孔联合运行等工况形成高速水流,监测在各工况下闸墩的振动情况,总结在高速水流作用下闸墩的振动特征。【结果】监测数据表明,总体上在两孔闸门同时打开的运行工况下闸墩振动较大,但右闸门单独打开时出现最大水平振动峰峰值244.37μm,最大位移水平标准差值为60.89μm,最大脉动压力均方根值为1.84×9.8 kPa。【结论】结果表明:在高速水流作用下闸墩振动会随着闸门开度增大而增大,在同一水平方向上,闸墩振动沿顺水流方向逐渐增大,在同一竖直方向上,闸墩越靠近顶部振动作用越明显。主要是因为闸门逐渐开启,水流流速增大,水流流态紊乱,容易形成脉动压力,导致流激振动问题,闸墩端部约束较少,振动最大。同时闸墩的振动不仅受泄洪闸泄洪流量大小影响,还与下游水位、水流流态、以及闸门单、多孔运行方式等多方面因素有关,并非大流量工况为控制工况。

关键词(KeyWords)： 高速水流;闸墩;振动;规律;流量;水力特性;影响因素

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 水利部重大科技项目(SKS-2022101);; 三峡集团上海院科研项目(2021SD(8)-001)

作者(Author): 熊珅,陆雍容,张晶晶

DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2025.02.013

参考文献(References)：

• [1]何小敏,张浩,齐春风.水电站闸墩-闸门-水体流激振动特性研究[J].西北水电, 2020(6):127-132.HE Xiaomin, ZHANG Hao, QI Chunfeng. Study on flow-induced vibration characteristics of sluice pier, gate and water of a hydropower station[J]. Northwest Hydropower, 2020(6):127-132.
• [2]王文强,王雪岩,李超.某项目泄洪闸工作闸门流激振动试验研究[J].内蒙古水利, 2024,(4):15-17.WANG W, WANG X, LI C. Experimental study on flow induced vibration of a spillway gate in a certain project[J]. Inner Mongolia Water Resources, 2024,(4):15-17.
• [3]陈健云,于宪政,徐强,等.水流脉动作用下溢洪道结构减振控制研究[J].人民长江, 2020, 51(6):163-169.CHEN Jianyun, YU Xianzheng, XU Qiang, et al. Research on vibration control for spillway structure under conditions of pulsating water flow[J]. Yangtze River. 2020. 51(6):163-169.
• [4] ZHANG Bozhi, JING Xiaochuan. Theoretical analysis and simulation calculation of hydrodynamic pressure pulsation effect and flow induced vibration response of radial gate structure[J]. Scientific Reports,2022, 12:21932.
• [5] BERRYHILL B H. Experience with prototype energy dissipater[J].Journal of Hydraulic Division, 1963, 89(3):181-201.
• [6] FALVEY H T. Hydraulic Model Studies of the Modified Outlet Works Stilling Basin, Navajo Dam, Cororado River Storage Project, New Mexico[M]. Denver Colorado:US Department of the Interior,Bureau of Reclamation, Office of Chief Engineering, 1967.
• [7]连佳叶夫.高坝溢洪道隔墩水流动力作用的计算[C]//长江水利水电科学研究院.高速水流译文集.北京:水利水电出版社,1979:304-311.RANYAYEV. Calculation of flow dynamics of spillway barrier in high dam[C]//Yangtze River Water Conservancy and Hydropower Research Institute. High-speed Flow Translation Collection. Beijing:Water Resources and Hydropower Press, 1979:304-311.
• [8]苑希民.高水头大流量泄流振动仿真研究[D].天津:天津大学, 1996.YUAN Ximin. Simulation of High Head and Large Discharge Vibration[D]. Tianjin:Tianjin University, 1996.
• [9]王开荣,顾志宏,赵何晶,等.水事系统研究[J].水利发展研究, 2025, 25(1):79-85.WANG Kairong, GU Zhihong, ZHAO Hejing, et al. Research on water affairs system[J]. Water Resourres Development Research,2025, 25(1):79-85.
• [10]苏圣致,杨春霞,饶天华,等.不同开度下某闸门流激振动数值模拟研究[J].水利水电技术(中英文), 2023, 54(9):148-155.SU S Z, YANG C X, RAO T H, et al. Numerical simulation study on flow induced vibration of a certain gate under different opening degrees[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 2023, 54(9):148-155.
• [11] BLEVINS R D.流体诱发振动[M].北京;机械工业出版社,1983.BLEVINS R D. Fluid Induced Vibration[M]. Beijing:China Machine Press, 1983.
• [12] NAUDASCHER E. Flow-induced loading and vibration of gates[C]//Chinese Hydaulic Engineering Society. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Hydraulic for High Dams. Beijng:Chinese Hydraulic Engineening Society, 1988:1-18.
• [13] WEAVER D S.论水流引起水工建筑物的振动和减振措施[C]//长江水利水电科学研究院.高速水流译文集,北京:水利电力出版社, 1979:282-292.WEAVER D S. On Vibration of hydraulic structures induced by water flow and measures for vibration reduction[C]//Yangtze River Water Conservancy and Hydropower Research Institute. High-speed Flow Translation. Beijing:Hydraulic and Electric Power Press, 1979:282-292.
• [14]杜磊.泄洪水流诱发泄流结构拍振特性及机理研究[D].南昌:南昌大学, 2018.DU Lei. Study on Vibration Characteristics and Mechanism of Beat Vibration Induced by Flood Discharge[D]. Nanchang:Nanchang University, 2018.
• [15]余春海.水利枢纽闸墩泄洪振动原型动力检测与安全评价[J].水利技术监督, 2017, 25(4):22-24.YU Chunhai. Dynamic detection and safety evaluation of prototype flood discharge vibration of sluicing-pier in water conservancy project[J]. Hydraulic Technical Supervision, 2017, 25(4):22-24.
• [16]李火坤,杜磊,梁萱,等.基于原型振动测试的泄洪闸闸墩动位移反演[J].振动.测试与诊断, 2018, 38(6):1122-1129.LI Huokun, DU Lei, LIANG Xuan, et al. Dynamic displacement inversion for sluice pier based on prototype vibration test[J]. Journal of Vibration, Measurement&Diagnosis. 2018, 38(6):1122-1129.
• [17]李火坤,练继建.三峡左导墙泄洪振动原型观测及其动态识别与安全评估[J].水利水运工程学报, 2010(3):59-64.LI Huokun, LIAN Jijian. Prototype observation of flood dischargeinduced vibration and its dynamic identification and safety evaluation of Three Gorges left guide wall[J]. Hydro-science and Engineering,2010(3):59-64.
• [18]刘晗玥.基于原型实测振动响应的泄流结构振源识别方法研究[D].南昌:南昌大学, 2021.LIU Hanyue. Research on Vibration Source Identification Method of Discharge Structure based on Prototype Measured Vibration Response[D]. Nanchang:Nanchang University, 2021.
• [19]冯春山.桐子林水电站明渠导墙流激振动特性分析[D].天津:天津大学, 2020.FENG Chunshan. Analysis on Flow Induced Vibration Characteristics of Open Channel Guide Wall of Tongzilin Hydropower Station[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University, 2020.
• [20]徐国宾,尹伟波,练继建,等.糯扎渡水电站溢洪道泄槽流激振动试验研究[J].水利水电科技进展, 2007, 24(6):24-28.XU Guobin, YIN Weibo, LIAN Jijian, et al. Experimental study on flow-induced vibration in spillway chute of Nuozhadu Hydropower Station[J]. Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources, 2007, 24(6):24-28.
• [21]吴杰芳,张林让,陈敏中,等.三峡大坝导流底孔闸门流激振动水弹性模型试验研究[J].长江科学院院报, 2001, 18(5):76-79.WU Jiefang, ZHANG Linrang, CHEN Mizhong, et al. Study on vibration of bottom outlet gate for Three Gorges Project by hydroelastic model[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2001, 18(5):76-79.
• [22]郭星锐,王均星,周招,等.角木塘弧形闸门流激振动响应特性研究[J].水电能源科学, 2019, 37(8):170-173;.GUO Xingrui, WANG Junxing, ZHOU Zhao, et al. Characteristics research on flow-induced vibration response of Jiaomutang Radial Gate[J]. Water Resources and Power, 2019, 37(8):170-173;.
• [23]张艺莹.基于ANSYS预应力闸墩的流激振动分析和减振措施研究[D].郑州:华北水利水电大学, 2019.ZHANG Yiying. Analysis of Flow Induced Vibration and Damping Measures of Prestressed Pier based on the ANSYS[D]. Zhengzhou:North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,2019.
• [24]何小敏.泄洪闸闸墩流激振动特性与加固措施研究[D].天津:天津大学, 2012.HE Xiaomin. Study on the Flow-induced Vibration Characteristics of Gate Pier and Its Mitigation Measure[D]. Tianjin:Tianjin University, 2012.
• [25]佟可欣.泄流诱发水电站厂房振动机理及其隔振减振措施研究[D].大连:大连理工大学, 2022.TONG Kexin. Research on Vibration Mechanism and Vibration Isolation and Vibration Reduction Measures of Hydropower Station induced by Flow Discharge[D]. Dalian:Dalian University of Technology, 2022.
• [26]李火坤,练继练,水工弧形闸门流激振动特性物模-数模联合预测与安全分析[J].水力发电学报, 2007, 26(3):69-76.LI Huokun, LIAN Jijian. Joint prediction and safety analysis of the flow-induced vibration of hydraulic radial gate using physical and numerical model[J]. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 2007,26(3):69-76.
• [27]李火坤,杨敏,陈林,等.泄洪闸闸墩原型振动测试、预测与安全评价[J].振动、测试与诊断, 2014, 34(5):938-946.LI Huokun, YANG Min, CHEN Lin, et al. Operational safety evaluation of sluice pier[J]. Journal of Vibration, Measurement&Diagnosis, 2014, 34(5):938-946.