徐张帆,王先伟

• 1:中山大学地理科学与规划学院
• 2:广东省公共安全与灾害工程技术研究中心
• 3:南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)

摘要(Abstract)：

珠江三角洲联围内部河网排涝受到局地暴雨、流域洪水、海洋潮汐和风暴潮等多种因素影响,面临复杂严峻的洪涝灾害威胁。以中顺大围为例,利用高精度的河涌断面测绘数据和陆地地形数据(DEM)融合生成水上水下一体化的高程模型(DEBM);并基于DEBM构建水位-库容曲线和水量平衡模型,建立综合暴雨径流、泵排量和外江潮位的联围水闸排水量计算方法,分析中顺大围在不同外江潮位顶托影响下的局地暴雨排涝防洪能力与洪灾风险。结果表明:与DEM相比,DEBM能更准确地表征联围内部的蓄洪容量,如在0.5 m水位时,河涌蓄洪容量从100万m~3(DEM)增加到4 300万m~3(DEBM),可为泵闸调度和防洪能力分析提供更精确的基础数据。联围内部的排涝主要依靠水闸重力外排,但其排涝能力易受外江顶托影响;泵站排涝稳定可控,是辅助排涝的重要手段,更是外江遭遇极端洪潮水位顶托时的关键防洪减灾设施,但受制于泵站位置与水泵功率。在内江起始水位为1 m、面临百年一遇24 h降雨时,考虑外江不同潮位时水闸的重力自排以及泵站抽排,联围内部河涌水位最高将达到1.84 m,淹没面积达到中顺大围内部面积的33%,淹没区人口达49万;在面临外江极端洪潮水位顶托、水闸无重力自排时,联围内部河涌水位将达到2.16 m,淹没面积占44%,影响72万人口。研究成果对中顺大围以及其它平原感潮河网联围的防洪减灾应对与社会经济发展规划具有一定的参考价值和指导意义。

关键词(KeyWords)： 联围;感潮河网;水量平衡模型;水闸重力排水;洪灾风险;降水;洪水

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(41871085)

作者(Author): 徐张帆,王先伟

DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2021.08.006

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