刘玲花,张盼伟,李昆,张梦雨,王启文

• 1:中国水利水电科学研究院水环境研究所

摘要(Abstract)：

由于灰水污染物浓度较低,水量占比大,约占家庭生活污水总量的75%左右,容易实现灰水处理与再生利用,因此研究灰水回用技术具有重要的现实意义。综述了不同地区的灰水水量和水质特点,总结分析了过滤、人工湿地、膜生物反应器等不同处理技术对灰水的处理效果。结果表明,灰水的产生量受生活方式、气候条件等因素影响。灰水中的污染物主要与使用的洗涤剂类型有关,并受到其他家庭活动的影响。人工湿地和过滤技术能有效去除灰水中的污染物,是较适宜的灰水处理技术。当前国内外更多的关注了单项处理技术对灰水中污染物的去除效果,未来应该结合灰水的水量水质特点研发针对不同回用目标的灰水处理组合工艺,研究灰水中微污染物去除技术,确保公众健康。

关键词(KeyWords)： 灰水;水质;人工湿地;过滤;膜生物反应器;回用

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 中国水利水电科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(WE0145B062017)

作者(Author): 刘玲花,张盼伟,李昆,张梦雨,王启文

DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2019.08.019

参考文献(References)：

• [1] 王熹,王湛,杨文涛,等.中国水资源现状及其未来发展方向展望[J].环境工程,2014,32(7):1- 5.
• [2] 中华人民共和国水利部.中国水资源公报[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2017.
• [3] 中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
• [4] 王少勇,陈洪斌.灰水处理与回用进展[J].中国沼气,2007,25(6):5- 9.
• [5] 连小鹰,何品晶,张期銮,等.居民住宅区灰水回用的可行性分析[J].给水排水,2001,27(11):67- 70.
• [6] ODEH A J.Focused environmental assessment of greywater reuse in Jordan[J].Environmental Engineering and Policy,2002(3):67- 73.
• [7] EVA E,KARINA A,MOGENS H,et al.Characteristics of grey wastewater[J].Urban Water,2002(4):85- 104.
• [8] HERNANDEZ L,TENMMINK H,ZEEMAN G,et al.Comparison of three systems for biological greywater treatment[J].Water,2010,2(2):155- 169.
• [9] BOAL C D,EDEN R E,MCFARLANE S.An investigation into greywater reuse for urban residential properties[J].Desalination,1996,106(1- 3):391- 397.
• [10] VAN DER HOEK J P,DIJKMAN B J,TERPSTRA G J,et al.Selection and evaluation of a new concept of water supply for “Ijburg” Amsterdam[J].Water Science and Technology,1999,39(5):33- 40.
• [11] 蔡莹,蔡鸣,张爱莉,等.居住小区中水回用系统[J].工程建设与设计,2003(9):62- 63.
• [12] FARAQUI N,AlJAYYOUSI O.Greywater reuse in urban agriculture for poverty alleviation.A case study in Jordan[J].Water International,2002,27(3):387- 394.
• [13] SHRESTHA R R,HABERL R,LABER JS,et al.Application of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in Nepal[J].Water Science and Technology,2001,44(11- 12):381- 386.
• [14] FRIEDLERE.Quality of individual domestic greywater streams and its implication for onsite treatment and reuse possibilities[J].Environmental Technology,2004,25(9):997- 1008.
• [15] OTTOSONJ,STENSTROM T A.Faecal contamination of greywater and associated microbial risks[J].Water Research,2003,37(3):645- 655.
• [16] ERIKSSON E,AUFFARTH K,EILERSEN A M.,et al.Household chemicals and personal care products as sources for xenobiotic organic compounds in grey wastewater[J].Water SA,2003,29(2):135- 146.
• [17] AONGHUSA C N,GRAY N F.Laundry detergents as a source of heavy metals in Irish domestic wastewater[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health.Part A,Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering,2002,37(1):1- 6.
• [18] ERIKSSON E,SRIGIRISETTY S,EILERSEN A M.Organic matter and heavy metals in grey-water sludge[J].Water SA,2010,36(1):139- 142.
• [19] ERIKSSON E,AUFFART K,HENZE M.et al.Characteristics of grey wastewater[J].Urban Water,2002,4(1):85- 104.
• [20] 阮久丽,于凤,陈洪斌,等.生活污水分类收集处理的探讨[J].中国给水排水,2010,26(8):25- 29.
• [21] LI F,WICHMANN K,OTTERPOHL R.Review of the technological approaches for grey water treatment and reuses[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009(407):3439- 3449.
• [22] HALASHEH M,DALAHMEH S,SAYED M,et al.Grey water characteristics and treatment options for rural areas in Jordan[J].Bioresource Technology,2008(99):6635- 6641.
• [23] GROSS A,KAPLAN D,BAKER K.Removal of chemical and microbiological contaminant from domestic greywater using a recycled vertical flow bioreactor (RVFB)[J].Biological Engineering,2007(31):107- 114.
• [24] DALAHMEH S S,PELL M,VINNERAS B,et.al.Efficiency of bark,activated charcoal,foam and sand filters in reducing pollutants from greywater[J].Water Air and Soil Pollution,2002(223):3657- 3671.
• [25] FINLEY S,BARRINGTON S,LYEW D.Reuse of domestic greywater for the irrigation of food crops[J].Water Air and Soil Pollution,2009(199):235- 245.
• [26] PARJANE S B,SANE M.G.Performance of greywater treatment plant by economical way for Indian rural development[J].International Journal of ChemTech Research,2011,3(4):1808- 1815.
• [27] ALHAMAIEDEH H,BINO M.Effect of treated grey water reuse in irrigation on soil and plants[J].Desalination,2010,256(1- 3):115- 119.
• [28] ZUMA B M,TANDLICH R,WHITTENGTON K J,et al.Mulch tower treatment system.Part 1:overall performance in greywater treatment[J].Desalination,2009,242(1- 3):38- 56.
• [29] MOHAAMED R,Al-GHEETHI A,Jackson A M,et al.Multi natural filter for domestic greywater treatment in village houses[J].American Water Works Association,2016,108(7):405- 415.
• [30] GROSS A,SHMUELI O,RONEN Z,et al.Recycled vertical flow constructed wetland (RVFCW)—a novel method of recycling greywater for irrigation in small communities and households[J].Chemosphere,2007,66(5):916- 923.
• [31] TRAVIS M J,WIEL-SHAFRAN A,WEISBROD N,et.al.Greywater reuse for irrigation:effect on soil properties[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(12):2501- 2508.
• [32] LAAFFAT J,AZIZ F,OUAZZANI N,et al.Biotechnological approach of greywater treatment and reuse for landscape irrigation in small communities[J].Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences,2019,26(1):83- 90.
• [33] 王凯军,陈世朋,董娜,等.微型复合垂直流人工湿地处理农村灰水试验研究[J].中国给水排水,2008,24(17):40- 43.
• [34] 杨金刚,王海燕,周岳溪,等.三格厌氧池-垂直流人工湿地处理农村灰水[J].环境工程技术学报,2013,3(2):85- 91.
• [35] 陈建军,席银,廖再毅,等.水力负荷和气温对生态滤池处理农户灰水的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(10):2012- 2018.
• [36] ATANASOVA N,DALMAU M,COMAS J,et al.Optimized MBR for greywater reuse systems in hotel facilities[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017,193(15):503- 511.
• [37] MERZ C,SCHEUMANN R,ELHAMOURI B,et al.Membranebioreactortechnologyforthetreatmentof greywaterfromasportsandleisureclub[J].Desalination,2007,215(1- 3):37- 43.
• [38] KHAKLID B M,ZAKARIA A Q,MOHAMMAD A S,et al.On the performance of real greywater treatment using a submerged membrane bioreactor system[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2015(476):40- 49.
• [39] 张燕燕,程拥,陈洪斌.MBR 和BAF 用于以家庭回用为目的的灰水净化研究[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(2):623- 630.
• [40] CHRISPIM M C,NOLASCO M A.Greywater treatment using a moving bed biofilm reactor at a university campus in Brazil[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,142(1):290- 296.
• [41] LAMININE M,BOUSSELMI L,GHRABI A.Biological treatment of grey water using sequencing batch reactor[J].Desalination,2007(215):127- 132.
• [42] KRISNAN V,AHMAD D,JERU J B.Influence of COD:N:P ratio on dark greywater treatment using a sequencing batch[J].Journal of Chemical of Technology and Biotechnology,2008,83(5):756- 762.
• [43] HERNANDEZ L L,TEMMINK H,ZEEMAN G,et al.Comparison of three systems for biological greywater treatment[J].Water,2010,2(2):155- 169.
• [44] PATHAN A A,MAHAR R B,ANSARI K.Preliminary study of greywater treatment through rotating biological contactor[J].Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering Technology,2011,30(3):531- 538.
• [45] FRIEDLER E,YARDENI A,GILBOA Y,et al.Disinfection of greywater effluent and regrowth potential of selected bacteria[J].Water Science and Technology,2011(63):931- 940.