胡振鹏,王仕刚

• 1:南昌大学
• 2:江西省水文监测中心鄱阳湖水文水资源中心

摘要(Abstract)：

根据1956—2020年出入湖输沙过程等实测资料，定量研究了湖区水沙运动特征和湖盆由淤积向冲刷转变的演变过程及水文生态效应。利用1998年、2010年和2020年进行的三次典型断面测量成果、遥感影像和现场调查勘测资料分析计算后发现：(1)2000年以前鄱阳湖以淤积为主。(2)2001—2010年有淤有冲，中部主湖区12个典型断面滩槽平均淤高0.51 m;入江水道滩槽平均下切0.35 m、泥沙冲刷量达19 121×10~4 m~3。(3)2011—2020年湖盆全面冲刷，中部主湖区滩槽平均下切0.35 m;入江水道滩槽平均下切1.39 m、泥沙量为9 608×10~4 m~3。(4)湖区采砂加剧了河床侵蚀，2000—2010年通江水道采砂量为9 348×10~4 m~3,相当于自然冲刷量的45%;2011—2020年采砂量为8 157×10~4 m~3,相当于自然冲刷量的85%。(5)入江水道侵蚀，使1—3月湖水位全面降低，直接改变了湖泊湿地的洲滩植被分布格局。研究结果表明，江河湖泊高泥沙含量增加了开发治理的复杂性，水土资源开发利用要坚持科学有度原则，同时要高度重视生态环境建设与保护。

关键词(KeyWords)： 水沙运动;淤积;冲刷;采砂;生态环境保护;鄱阳湖;长江流域;人类活动

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(41261053)

作者(Author): 胡振鹏,王仕刚

DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2022.06.006

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