闫腾,贺华翔,游进军,林鹏飞,杨朝晖

• 1:中国水利水电科学研究院
• 2:国家水安全与水科学协同创新中心

摘要(Abstract)：

针对华北地区地下水超采严重问题,国家提出节水和多渠道增加水源补给的综合治理措施。考虑到区域地下水压采目标的空间不均衡性,以及"节水、增供"等措施的可达性,面向地下水压采目标,引入节水贡献率和替代水源贡献率概念。提出基于方案对比的贡献率评价方法,通过配置模型定量解析区域内不同方案下水量分配情况,评价节水、增供与地下水压采量之间的水源置换关系(即贡献率),为水量分配、水源置换等水资源管理工作提供参考。以南水北调中线工程重要受水区郑州市为例,分析了2030规划水平年不同节水情景下的节水、增供与地下水压采量的水源置换关系,进一步剖析了地表水、外调水、非常规水等"增供"措施对地下水压采的贡献率,并结合区域水资源禀赋、工程规划、产业发展方向分析了结果的合理性。研究结果表明:(1)在全市层面,外调水贡献率高于节水、地表水和非常规水等置换方式,说明郑州市实现地下水压采目标主要依靠外调水支撑;(2)各县市的对比表明不同区域不同措施的贡献率存在明显差异,中牟、荥阳节水贡献率较高,与其农业节水潜力较大密切相关,采取适宜节水措施能够对这两个县市的地下水压采工作起到促进作用;航空港区节水贡献率较低,主要原因在于现状年航空港区农业占比较大,未来产业布局调整后以发展空港物流为主,农业用水被其他用户用水替代,因而存量节水潜力有限;巩义市和登封市地表水贡献率较高,说明地表水开发利用尚存潜力,对地下水压采工作具有较好的促进作用;中心城区、航空港区、中牟县非常规水可供给的用户和需求相对较大,增长空间较大,因而其贡献率相对较高。

关键词(KeyWords)： 地下水压采;水资源配置;水源置换;节水贡献率;替代水源贡献率;水资源;生态修复

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0404405,2018YFC0407705);; 水利部财政项目资水资源管理(02001904);; 国家自然科学基金项目(51709274,71774172)

作者(Author): 闫腾,贺华翔,游进军,林鹏飞,杨朝晖

DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2021.04.002

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